Creation Mythology of Africa Essay -- Myths Africa African Essays

base Mythology of Africa One way of examining the values and traditions of a people is to look at their explanations for how the world came to be. These stories make such wonderful tools for analysis because all cultures have some sort of creation story. Thus to compare groups of people we may locomote by looking at their creation mythology. It is all-important(a) to note that the downfall of comparing mythologies is that in a way it is like comparing apples to oranges. This is because not either myth portrays and explains the same elements. Five myths from throughout Africa will be mentioned throughout this essay. They are from the Boshongo, Mande, Shilluk, Egyptian, and Yoruba peoples. For a brief description of these myths please see the appendix. Please esteem that these myths do not represent the beliefs and stories of all of Africa. In each of these stories, the tale of creation has been presented with a unique twist. Yet there are several i mportant similarities among the various myths. Besides explaining creation, there is always one major occasion. However, in some stories such as that of the Boshongo, the creator had helpers whereas in the Shilluk tale, Juok worked alone. In the Boshongo myth, Bumba creates nine animals and mankind. because these animals and Bumbas three sons worked together creating everything else. In the Shilluk tale, obviously everything is related somehow because everything shares the same creator. Even in other stories where the creator has helpers, however, all of these helpers were made by the creator and thus everything is still connected. In all of these stories, mankind is created by a more powerful being. This represents the belief that... ...rican Cosmogony. http//alexm.here.ru8081/mirrors/www.enteract.com/jwalz/Eliade/051.html. taken from Leach, Maria. The Beginning. New York 1656. pages 145-6. Creation Myths. http//www.dreamscape.com/morgana/ophelia.htm. January 8, 2001. Crystal, Ellie. African Creation Myths. http//www.crystalinks.com/africacreation.html. August 1995. Egyptian Creational Myths. http//www.crystalinks.com/egyptcreation.html. August 1995. Egyptian Cosmogony and Theogony. http//alexm.here.ru8081/mirrors/www.enteract.com/jwalz/Eliade/054.html. taken from Piankoff, Alexandre. The Shrines of Tut-ankh-amon. New York 1955. page 24. Life and Death Under the Pharaohs the Gods. http//icvc.imago.com.au/egypt/html/the_gods.html. 1998. West African Cosmogony. http//www.fandm.edu80/departments/Anthropology/Bastian/ANT269/cosmo.html. 1999.

The Breakdown of Mental Health and Stability Essay -- Stress Stressing

The Breakdown of Mental Health and Stability Progress has always been an meaty component in ultramodern guild. At times it is equivalent to success, learning, and overall growth. In the field of science, progress is measured by comparisons to what was known before, what is known now, and what brook be known in the future. Therefore, one could say that much progress was made in the field of science in terms of understanding the functions of the valet de chambre brain and some of its behavior. It seems that as each new day passes, something new is discovered about the brain, whether it be a new mental or physiological brain condition, or save a link and clue to one of the vast number of questions the world has considering the human brain and behavior. These discoveries and answers are becoming to a greater extent and more(prenominal) important and supreme due to the fact that the overall population seems to becoming more and more emotionally fragile and more subject to se veral(prenominal) cerebral ills such as depression, anxiety, hysteria, and clinical insanity. A good question to ask is whether or not the overall population seems to be torture more mental and cerebral ills, or that it is merely a result of more cases being reported and more statistics calculated. But if it is true that the number of people suffering from conditions or types of behavior which immobilise their ability to go on with their everyday lives, what is the cause? And when we find the cause, what is the cure? Or how go forth society as a whole handle it? A possible theory is to look at the correlation between the rate of growth and process in modern society and the stress level of the total individual. Another question to ask is what exactly is the role stress plays in an individ... ...raising the levels of anxiety and depression amongst the population. Perhaps evolution will take hold and those with brains and systems more well adapt to handling this relative ly new level of stress will flourish, reservation our society stronger. Or it could receive a reverse effect, making society weaker in the process. Hopefully stress and its harmful effects will be brought to attention more by the scientific community and as a whole society will do something about it or risk suffering from the potential set backs. Sources Cited1)Physiological Effects of deform http//tm.cme.edu/03.html2)Holistic-online http//holistic-online.com/stress/stress_GAS.htm3)http//www.brainsource.com/stress_&_health.htm 4)Neurobiology of Stress http//www.biopsychiatry.com/stress.htm5)http//www.lifepositive.com/ principal/psychology/stress/symptoms-of-anxiety.asp The Breakdown of Mental Health and Stability Essay -- Stress StressingThe Breakdown of Mental Health and Stability Progress has always been an essential component in modern society. At times it is equivalent to success, learning, and overall growth. In the field of science, progress is measured by comparisons to what was known before, what is known now, and what can be known in the future. Therefore, one could say that much progress was made in the field of science in terms of understanding the functions of the human brain and some of its behavior. It seems that as each new day passes, something new is discovered about the brain, whether it be a new mental or physiological brain condition, or merely a link and clue to one of the vast number of questions the world has considering the human brain and behavior. These discoveries and answers are becoming more and more important and imperative due to the fact that the overall population seems to becoming more and more emotionally fragile and more subject to several cerebral ills such as depression, anxiety, hysteria, and clinical insanity. A good question to ask is whether or not the overall population seems to be suffering more mental and cerebral ills, or that it is merely a result of more cases being reported and more statistics calculated. But if it is true that the number of people suffering from conditions or types of behavior which hinder their ability to go on with their everyday lives, what is the cause? And when we find the cause, what is the cure? Or how will society as a whole handle it? A possible theory is to look at the correlation between the rate of growth and process in modern society and the stress level of the average individual. Another question to ask is what exactly is the role stress plays in an individ... ...raising the levels of anxiety and depression amongst the population. Perhaps evolution will take hold and those with brains and systems more well adapt to handling this relatively new level of stress will flourish, making our society stronger. Or it could have a reverse effect, making society weaker in the process. Hopefully stress and its harmful effects will be brought to attention more by the scientific community and as a whole society will do something about it or risk suffering from the potential set backs. Sources Cited1)Physiological Effects of Stress http//tm.cme.edu/03.html2)Holistic-online http//holistic-online.com/stress/stress_GAS.htm3)http//www.brainsource.com/stress_&_health.htm 4)Neurobiology of Stress http//www.biopsychiatry.com/stress.htm5)http//www.lifepositive.com/Mind/psychology/stress/symptoms-of-anxiety.asp

Revenge in Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights Essay -- Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights Revenge The Strongest Theme When Wuthering Heights, by Emily Bronte, first appeared in 1847, it was thought to be obscene and crude (Chase 19). To the common person, it was shocking and offensive, and it did not gain popularity until long after it was first published. When the piece of literary productions became widely read and discussed, however, Bronte was declared as a romantic rebel against repressive conventions and a writer who made passion part of novelistic tradition (Chase 19). Unlike earlier writers, Bronte used factors from her own life-time and passions that she personally held to construct her classic novel. For example, Josephs bible-thumper character most likely symbolizes her father, who was a minister. However, Brontes book is not only a breakthrough to literature in these ways. The narration of the story is also very unique and divergent because there are multiple narrators. Brontes character Lockwood is used to narrate the antecedent and concluding sections of the novel whereas Nelly Dean narrates most of the storyline. Its interesting that Nelly Dean is used because of her biased opinions. In addition, the structure of Wuthering Heights displays a uniqueness. Just as Elizabethan plays have five acts, Wuthering Heights is composed of two acts, the times before and after Catherines shoemakers last. However, unlike stereotypical novels, Wuthering Heights has no current heroes or villains. Although this work was written in the Romantic Period, it is not a romance. There are no true heroes or villain... ...built up anger and tartness inside him and towards others. The hurt that Hindley feels is clearly understood, but sympathy for Hindley is only temporary because it is still his own fault for his predicaments. Hindleys loss of Wuthering Heights to Heathcliff and his mysterious death reflect how revenge does not make anything better, only worse. Bronte corroborates that revenge is not only a harsh and rash way to l ive life, but is counter-productive and hurtful. pop of all of her major themes, revenge is the most imminent. The self-hurt involved with vengeance shows there are better ways to solve conflicts. Bronte sends a great message crosswise by showing how negative revenge can be. There is no solution to obeying the spontaneous reaction of this negative reprisal.

ARCO arena :: essays research papers

Even though the friendly confines of ARCO Arena hasnt equated into NBA championships (yet) for the Sacramento Kings, ARCO s burnds as one of the toughest - if non the toughest - places to play in the entire league.     The Kings sported a 36-5 home mark in 2003, the best home record in the NBA. All five losses came at the hands of eventual playoff teams, including two of them against the eventual NBA champion San Antonio Spurs.     The Kings record in ARCO over the last three seasons is an amazing 104-19, another NBA best. The Pistons are 75-48 over that aforesaid(prenominal) span at the Palace at Auburn Hills, a full 29 games worse.     ARCO Arena was built on 105 acres of undeveloped primer just outside the Sacramento city limits. The arena cost 40 million dollars to build, and none of the cost came by way of taxpayer money. ARCO was built primalrily for basketb entirely, so all 17, 317 seats have great sight lines for watching a game.      The outside of the building is in no way what someone would call attractive. Basically, it is a tan square in the middle of nowhere. However, it dosent seem that the repulsive outside looks of ARCO affect Kings fans from coming to the games. E rattling Kings game has sold out since ARCO was opened in 1988.      What truly makes ARCO the best venue in the NBA is the Sacramento fans. The combination of the stadium seating having a "right on top of the court" feel along with ARCO dubbed as the loudest stadium in the NBA causes havoc for visiting teams. Just ask the Lakers.            As fans enter ARCO, they see many television screens showing the Kings in-house pre-game show. The Kings are one of very few teams with that perk. The convenience dosent end when the game is over, either. ARCO has over 12,000 spaces in close proximity to the arena, and the waiting time to leave t he lot is always kept to a minimum. The Palace at Auburn Hills seats 4,000 more fans than ARCO, yet has two-thirds the parking. Combine that with two different interstates that weave around the Palace, and you have a parking nightmare.      other thing that makes ARCO a better arena is having better comfort in the fact that you wont be attacked by a hobo on the way to the car. Criminals in Detroit and Los Angeles probably make six figures annually by ruthlessley mugging some 12-year-old of his only 14 dollars that he made by opening a lemonade stand.

Phillipines :: Filipinos and its religion and traditions

PhilippinesFilipinosManilaReligion holds a central place in the life of most Filipinos, including Catholics, Muslims, Buddhists, Protestants, and animists. It is central not as an abstract belief system, scarce rather as a host of experiences, rituals, ceremonies, and adjurations that provide continuity in life, cohesion in the community, and moral purpose for existenceWomen have always enjoyed greater equality in Philippine society than was common in other parts of Southeast Asia. Education and literacy levels in 1990 were higher for women than for men.The majority of the Philippines are bound(p) together by common values and a common religion. Among these are strong religious faith, respect for authority, and high regard for amor proprio (self-esteem). Filipinos are sensitive to attacks on their witness self-esteem and develop sensitivity to the self-esteem of others as well. Anything that might hurt anothers self-esteem is to be avoided or else one risk terminating the relatio nship.Philippine own alliance systems are secured by kinship, beginning with the immediate family. A Filipinos loyalty goes first to the immediate family identity is deeply embedded in the network of kinship. It is normative that one owes support, loyalty, and trust to ones close kin and, because kinship is structured bilaterally with affinal as well as consanguineal relatives, ones kin can include kinda a large number of people. The geography and history of the Philippines have conspired to produce a multiplicity of languages, some 80 dialects in total.1988 Philippine government figures, which enumerate as literate everyone who has completed four years of elementary school, the overall literacy rate was 88 percent, up from 82.6 percent in 1970. Literacy rates were virtually the same(p) for women and men.About 10% of Filipinos (the so-called cultural minority groups or tribal Filipinos) retain their traditional culture.

Phillipines :: Filipinos and its religion and traditions

PhilippinesFilipinosManilaReligion holds a central place in the life of most Filipinos, including Catholics, Muslims, Buddhists, Protestants, and animists. It is central non as an abstract belief system, but rather as a host of experiences, rituals, ceremonies, and adjurations that provide continuity in life, cohesion in the community, and moral aspiration for existenceWomen have always enjoyed greater equality in Philippine society than was common in other parts of Southeast Asia. Education and literacy levels in 1990 were nobleer for women than for men.The majority of the Philippines are bound together by common values and a common religion. Among these are strong religious faith, respect for authority, and high regard for amor proprio (self-esteem). Filipinos are sensitive to attacks on their own self-esteem and develop sensitivity to the self-esteem of others as well. Anything that might hurt anothers self-esteem is to be avoided or else one risk terminating the relationship. Philippine own alliance systems are secured by kinship, beginning with the immediate family. A Filipinos loyalty goes first to the immediate family identity is late embedded in the network of kinship. It is normative that one owes support, loyalty, and trust to ones close kin and, because kinship is structured bilaterally with affinal as well as consanguineal relatives, ones kin can include quite a large number of people. The geography and history of the Philippines have conspired to produce a multiplicity of languages, some 80 dialects in total.1988 Philippine government figures, which count as literate everyone who has completed four years of elementary school, the overall literacy rate was 88 share, up from 82.6 percent in 1970. Literacy rates were virtually the same for women and men.About 10% of Filipinos (the so-called cultural minority groups or tribal Filipinos) retain their traditional culture.

The Presentation of Conflict in War Literature

Morally conflicted characters are present in all three texts, as individuals struggle to farm a Judgment between what they perceive as right and wrong. In Regeneration Rivers ascertains an Internal ethical conflict which Intensifies as the novel progresses. Whilst ob share curse therapist Holland work, Rivers is forced to question the moral legitimacy of his war contri barelyions. Holland employs an intense form of therapy on voiceless patient Calla. A dream he has dead after the experience brings this dilemma to the front of his mind, in the dream he had stood in Wellheads place.The dream noticemed to be saying Dont latter yourself. There Is no distinction. Electro unsteady Therapy (ACT) was, and still Is, a controversial treatment. Frequently used as a form of social control, and the uncertainty surrounding its effects, had led it to be become a get-go of great fear for those it was enforced upon. The language used in this passage by Holland accent mark the assertion of hi s control over Calla. Barker uses several imperatives and modal verbs, such(prenominal) as you must be contain as becomes the hero I expect you to be and you must talk before you leave me.The tone here is actually authoritative and could make readers feel intrusive whilst reading. Similarly, in Birdsong the main character, Stephen, experiences the horrors of war and although initially emotionally detached grows to care about the men he is serving with. The fate of his comrades fuels disdain for the war leading him to denounce it as an exploration of how far men croupe be degraded. As Paul Salad (1999) says the unmingled fury and intensity of the imagery created is Rebounded shocking and, ultimately, desperately uncomfortable to read, and the poignancy of the description by Faults creates an immense Impact on the reader. Despite this when Stephen Is Injured and offered a desk Job whilst recovering n hospital he Is appalled at the Idea of being separated from the men he had fough t with. He despised the war, exactly he could not leave. This is sympathetic to Swanson in Regeneration, who writes a poesy with the disceptations When are you going back to them again? Are they not still your brothers through our melodic line?.This moral conflict can be amplified beyond the individual. In the poem Easter 1 91 6 W. B Yeats explores the cost of freedom. The issue of ingleside Rule had dominated Irish Politics for several years until eventually coming to a head In April 1916, when a group of rebels seized the UAPITA city of Dublin. Yeats demonstrates his involved feelings with the oxymoron phrase a terrible beauty is born, by personifying this freedom with the verb born, Yeats seems to be implying that the cause has taken on a life of its own and those who created it no time-consuming assimilate control.Through the simile as a mother names her child when sleep at last has come on limbs that had run wild, Yeats suggests that the rebel leaders had childlike ent husiasm for their cause, solely Like children were naive The true brilliance of Yeats poem is, as Decline Kibbled (1995) said, is the honesty in which he debates the issue, this honesty makes the poem more emotive and, moreover, gives modern readers an insight into those turbulent times. The outbreak of war came at a time when rigid social structures where in place in that respect was a sense that those who didnt fit the ideal where not to be accepted such as homosexuals.The war brought about change, some matters where by no marrow altered dramatically but it at least brought the old principles into conflict with the new. Whereas other texts show us individuals struggling to accept their personal identities n a society that condemns them, the poem The Soldier by Rupert Brooke presents a character whose position is supported by the masses (through propaganda) and is no doubt as to who they are and what they allow for.His certainty is evident in the opening line of the poem, if I should die think only this of me, this imperative expresses his confidence and as the poem is written in sonnet form his love for his country cannot be denied. However, Brooke never actually saw active service and therefore his genuine understanding of the war is feeble. Stalwartly (2002) writes of Brooke had Brooke lived to experience The trenches of the Western Front, it is hard to imagine that the poet Would not look at written as realistically as Owen . We must thus ask whether his opinion would differ if he had the experiences of his contemporaries and without the weight of public disagreement on his shoulders it is easy to see why Brooke was so self-assured in his poem he is a soldier poet Not a war poet. Contrastingly, in Regeneration an element of Robert Gravers identity does not agree at all with social views of the time. Homosexuality was actually abominable in the United Kingdom from 1533 up until 1967, therefore for Graves the issue goes beyond disapproval.In chapter 17 Graves tells Swanson about Peter a man they some(prenominal) knew of on the front line he was arrested for soliciting outside the local barracks. The shock of this leads Graves to denounce his identity, saying its only fair to tell you that Since that happened my affections have been runway in more normal channels. The suspension marks here imply uncertainty and the abstract noun normal is used almost as a synonym as Graves doesnt seem able to fire uply associate himself with homosexuality.It is clear in this passage that Graves cares greatly about how others perceive him this consciousness leads to him changing who he is. Although in Birdsong, Weir experiences exchangeable scrutiny due to him still being a virgin it is not seen as wrong but rather a stemma of amusement and pity for his comrades. Stephen takes it upon himself to solve Weirs problem and forces him into a situation which leaves him shaken and pale. Both Weir and Graves feel a certain amount of shame for the uncommon elements of their identity, but a key difference is that Graves allows himself to be changed.Undoubtedly, Weir is conflicted in his feelings towards his virginity, it leads him to be filled with anxiety but yet he also convinces himself that what he had bewildered could not be remarkable. The verb could suggest doubt and it is unclear whether Weir is ever certain in his conclusions, despite his reluctance to give away something that is linked so in and of itself to his own identity he still feels it had come to nothing but humiliation. In a private letter to his mother Wilfred Owen writes how he nearly broke defeat and let himself drown.This sentence alone encapsulates the psychological struggle men underwent in the thin himself and allowed his self-will to slip. In his poem Exposure we see what led to this breakdown. The ABA hoar scheme highlights the cyclical nature of trench warfare and the anaphoric use of but nothing happens further supports this idea, somehow the men always end up back where they started and their brains ached from it. It can be argued that being Worried by silence is worse than the The alternative and psychological breakdowns are a result of the repeated tension of waiting.Owen manages to get out himself back up and carry on but for some men it wasnt as easy. Burns in Regeneration struggles to escape his all consuming psychological trauma. Even Rivers, the doctor who is supposed to be helping him overcome this, is defeated by it. In chapter 15 Rivers goes to visit Burns but he is quick to see that he is struggling to re-establish himself and however hard Burns tried to thrust the memories of the war behind him, the nightmare followed. The use of the verb thrust here implies force and suggests that Burns is desperately trying to escape but this is a battle he is loosing.Burns illness takes over him mind and body, preventing him from eating and turning him yellow skinned. Philip Gibbs, a journalist on the Western Front, late r recalled that the shell-shock cases were the worst to see and the worst to cure Sturdy, men shaking with ague, mouthing like madman, figures of dreadful terror, speechless and uncontrollable. Brenna in Birdsong suffers a similar fate. Elizabeth goes to visit him in a care home in order to seek out more information on her grandfather and the war.Brenna kept his saneness through the wars horrors (such as pulling his brothers rotting body out of a shell hole) but once he returned home his mental state declined. What is clear is that Brenna was alone in his battle with his psyche, Elizabeth curses how she cannot restore poor Brakemans life or take away the pity of the past. As seen in Exposure Brakemans life is monotonous. He spent his entire post war existence in and out of field hospitals and care homes without a single visitor. Without anything or anyone to cling to Brenna is overpowered by his psychological conflict.We see a conflict in grammatical gender roles during the war and thus it is manifested in war literature. Women were evolving in the absence of men and when the men did finally come back they were expected to regress. There is a subversion of gender roles, women must become more hardened and masculine to be able to support themselves and their remaining family, spot the devastation of the war brings out the more compassionate feminine qualities in men. The war broke down boundaries and the conflict lay in the perceptions of what now separates men and women.The women in Regeneration, Legalize in particular, represents a new radical form of women. Legalize relished her freedom so much that doesnt want her husband back on leave or even When its over and alludes to divorcing him. At the time divorces were still infrequent and frowned upon so through her consideration of it we see how the mind set of women has progressed. Prior seems bewildered by this noting women have changed so much during the war and how he was so out of touch with women. Siegfr ied Swanson wrote an ironic sonnet about women entitled The Glory of Women.There is an accusatory tone running end-to-end the poem, such as the anaphoric use of the first person personal pronoun you. This use of direct address emphasis Caissons frustration with those at home. The opening line of the poem presents the idea that Eros. In this poem women are seen to love heroics but this is a one sided opinion. Women gave out white feathers at home to those who were not serving to denounce them as cowards, on the surface this seems quite callous and we can see why Swanson puts women on par with the enemy -German mother.However, the women giving out these feathers no doubt had husbands, brothers and sons skining on the front line, therefore seeing men safe at home no doubt enraged them. Why should their family fight and die while some stay at home? These conflicting views question whether indeed the greatest conflicts are.. Teen one person and himself, it may be that (Sharon Mennonite 2002) gender stereotyping may distort and repress the personal development of individuals of both genders. The parallels between Isabella and Elizabeth are evident both have affairs and illegitimate children as a result.However, the circumstances in which these events happen are very different. In pre- war France Isabella is condemned by Renee for her affair, he shouts that she will go to hell for what she has done. The reference to her father and youre father What can he do? Gives insight into how women were viewed at the time, as objects or sessions of the men in their lives. However, Elizabethan affair with a married man in the mouth is met with little scorn or resistance. This is again indicative of the time, after both wars women had begun to campaign for equality with movements such as the Suffragettes.When Elizabeth tells her friends they are displeased but for superficial reasons such as Jealousy, even her mother who is from an older generation is pleased for her. The si milarities between these two women may have been done by Faults to show the changing attitudes towards gender and shows how after the conflicting years progress is eventually made. The conflicting opinions of what was happening on the field of honor created a huge separation between the soldiers and the public.In The Hero by Siegfried Swanson a mother is told of the death of her son. However, she is not told the complete truth, she is told that her son died honorably and as hed have wished. The truth is though that her son was a useless swine (or so the brother officer thinks) and he died panicking down a trench. The annalistic imagery used here creates a stark contrast with phrases such as her glorious boy, this further emphasis the difference in what those at home re being told compared with what is actually happening.Both stanza one and three have a matching rhyme scheme (BACK), this could have been done by Swanson to show the two versions of the story, whereas the falter in the rhyme in the second stanza (ABACA) shows the discrepancy of the gallant lies. These lies and propaganda lead to soldiers such as he-goat Prior feeling disconnected when they are home on leave. When walking along the beach with Sarah, Prior describes the public as black figures, like insects this parable extends as Prior describes their movements saying theyswarm across the beach like insects.The connotations of the negative imagery of insects, especially flies, are foulness and decay. This separation showed how the war took lives in each sense of the word as some soldiers couldnt find a place in society after the war, Prior feels like a ghost among them. Weir experiences a similar feeling of disconnection when home on leave, he goes to visit his parents and feels strangely formal. It appears to him that the England he thought he was fighting for ceases to mean anything to him on a Weir to approve if he was going to say any word of greeting. Throughout his stay he isWaiting for the moment when the familiar wash of normality would come over him but normality seems lost to him in the way he knew it. This indifference quickly rises into anger for Weir, after his leave he calls those at home fat pigs who have got no idea what lives are led for them. He then goes on to wish a great bombardment would smash down And kill the intact lot of them Particularly my family. . Like in The Hero the annalistic imagery emphasis the disdain Weir has for those at home and this anger fuels the conflict between the battlefield and the home front.

Wilderness vs Civilization

Wilderness Versus Civilization In The Place, the Regions, and the Commons, Gary Snyder discusses the importance of stupefy when dealing with the environment and establishment of ideological hearths. The contrasting sides between the indispensable world and synthetic societies play a large part within the essay, for we must take a stand when determining our own personal place. Snyder cites umteen examples of how humanitys search for place leads to the destruction of the natural world around us, such as overgrazing in the commons.This clash between the necessity for a stable place and the universal needs of nature force us to find an equilibrium in which a comprehensive happiness can be reached. Snyder follows up on this environmental critique with a deeper philosophical mindset. He eagerly suggests the idea that our longing for place severely reflects our subconscious tendencies and realities. There are a foil number of examples of bioregional selfishness, such as the tragedy of the commons.However, there are also a delightful abundance of examples that demonstrate the optimistic and altruistic deeds terminate in put up to insure the health of the habitat within. There are two sides of a coin when dealing with the darkness and purity of mankind as a whole. This same coin exists within us individually, and it is up to us to decide which side lands facing up. It is a difficult task to describe the national conflicts that occur within myself solely through text. In frame to properly express my true feelings and thoughts, another medium must be used.In this scenario, it would be opera hat to demonstrate my new-sprung(prenominal)found resolve and terror through the eyes of a camera lens. Ever since I moved to Boone to begin my college career, I have begun a new personal era of introspection. I seek to know why I commit the corrupt sins that I succumb to, and why I occupy to aid subjects that I could optionally neglect. By observing these hidden demons and saints within my soul, I am able to emulate it onto the surface and understand the world as a whole. As Susan Sontag eloquently points out As photographs give people an imaginary possession of a post that is unreal, they also help eople take possession of space in which they are insecure. In essence, I feel that this picture aptly describes the state of wildness within our fabricated society. The leaf is organism consumed by the manufactured acts of humanity, and I feel helpless as I gaze onto its decaying structure. My mind immediately begins to take responsibility for natures impending fall into this unadulterated land. The wildness within us inhibits our sympathies towards the habitats that we constantly surround ourselves with. Civilization is being dominated in this photograph.The trees stand tall, the bushes lay as a shroud of eloquence atop a seething boredom of concrete. The mountains extend their hand to the sky, greeting it with a warm resolve. The wild side to myself would scuffle this minor victory for nature under the carpet and continue onwards, however the civilized side recognizes the absolutely exquisite act of defiance by the cosmos. As Snyder states The State is destroyed, but the mountains and rivers hold on, the wilderness ignores our presence almost as much as we tend to ignore it. rom the cataclysmic tendencies that plague most. In this fleeting moment of infatuated entertainment, serenity is achieved and balance is restored leaving the rest to remain asunder. The war between wilderness and cultivation rages inside all of us. The guilt of our selfish actions is only matched by our desire for a better place. These individual conflicts add up to a cumulative impact on the region that we live in. It is apparent that the mercilessness of man has influenced certain areas for the worse.My exploration of Boone has guide me to conclude that a somewhat stable symmetry between both sides has been formed. There is a sense of order within t his town, for many advocates have cascaded a protective sheath around the weakening wild. Even as the nature dwindles away, it is merely retreating and waiting to have the get going laugh. The resilience of nature will surely outlast the overabundance of man. This conclusion leaves me hollow and optimistic at the same time, clouding any absolute fulfilment within myself individually.When mankind has free reign, the oversaturation of our greed typically poisons the vulnerable. This is why Snyder urges us to take great efforts in order to restore the equilibrium between civilization and the wilderness. Our time is beginning to run thin as the battle between both sides continue, but Snyder urges us to stay positive and learn from our mistakes in order to reach complete attainment in the future. I took this picture after the conclusion of my final class on Thursday.I was in the process of contemplation when I looked down and noticed this lonesome leaf surrounded by the artificial land scape. I immediately felt that this small act of symbolism was worth capturing for eternity. It occurred full outside of the Central Dining Hall. I gazed upon the mountain skyline and noticed the rampant growth of trees from my lowered perspective on the ground. This observation made me smile, which led to the capturing of the photograph. By altering my perception of the world around me, I was able to obtain this earthly image.I was extremely delighted to spectate my first game of Quidditch since arriving to my new home. The rambunctious cheers of both sides were only rivaled by the serene beauty brought upon by the landscape on Sanford Mall. I felt like this universal victory should be documented as a model for co-dominance between the wild and civilization. The leaves fall from the trees, as if they are jumping from the stands in an attempt to join the game. The men and women manufacture respect to the world around them by refraining

Hinduism and Buddhism, and Their Respective Elements

Two cognise eastern religions and philosophies shared the battlefield of India for centuries, which probably lasts up to this date. These two are Buddhism and Hinduism. Since some(prenominal) concept of Buddhism and Hinduism originated from a single source, it would be possible to identify similar concepts between the two, or at least some form of derivative of a concept belonging to one of the two mentioned religions and philosophies. The focus of this paper primarily entails the comparison between the two immense religion philosophies of Buddhism and Hinduism. There is bound to be a difference between them, as one of them originated earlier than the other.One cannot simply judge that the latter one is a mere copy of the one that existed earlier it. In relation to death and the after lifespan, there are two concepts which can be place in both Buddhism and Hinduism Reincarnation and Samsara, the Wheel of Life wherein transition is usually based. For now, it is outmatch if the both Buddhism and Hinduism be discerned and identified as a separate entity. The Two Eastern Religion Philosophies Buddhism and Hinduism As mentioned earlier, the two primary religions and philosophies that proliferated in India were Buddhism and Hinduism. Both of which had a significant amount of pursuit.Buddhism and Its narration. Basically, Buddhism is the basic religion to which its disciples and members follow the scriptures and teachings of Buddha. After Buddhas death, its followersmostly monkscongregated in order to discuss which scriptures and teachings would fit outstrip to the aims of Buddha and the proliferation of Buddhism around India, and in other parts of the world. Emperor Ashoka converted to Buddhism after witnessing a carnage he produced. After being converted, he dedicated his life and a whole lot of structures to Buddhism, and to Buddhahis life and death.He ordered the construction of numerous pillars which contained the scriptures and teachings of Buddha, sp reading it through these stone pillars (Boeree 1999). It was Emperor Ashoka who allowed Buddhism to proliferate across India and beyond its borders, displace messengers to promote Buddhism within those areas. Hinduism a Brief History. It has been mentioned by historians that Hinduism dates back around 5,000 years ago, proving that it is a much older religion than Buddhism. The word was actually derived from the river Indus, from an area of which it originated (Kolanu 2009).The daily lend oneselfs of the areas inhabitants gradually turned into a religion or concept, upon which it revolves around the peoples religious, philosophical, and cultural practices native to the Indian sub-continent (Kolanu 2009). It has had many names before Hindu. However, many of its followers would prefer to call it as Hindu, after the nameor at least a close version of itof the place wherein it originated. It would be later known in history as one of the main religions in India, which is still quite tru e todayIslam is the second main religion during the contemporary period.The quad Noble Truths of Buddhism. The Four Noble Truths is one of the basic doctrines that Buddhist follow. It basically involved the dispossession of material things, which Buddhist do not really need. The eldest Noble Truth entails the realization that every aspect of existence is unsatisfactory as these are all subjected to birth, decay, disease, and death (Lorentz 2007). The Second Noble Truth is the endeavour of dukkha. The Third Noble Truth entails the freedom from dukkha, wherein one is required to remove the craving of the senses.The Fourth Noble Truth leads to the end of the dukkha by following the Eigthfold bridle-path Perfect understanding, Perfect Thought, Perfect Speech, Perfect Action, Perfect Livelihood, Perfect Effort, Perfect Mindfulness, and Perfect Concentration (Lorentz 2007). Indias Caste System. Hinduism entailed a social hierarchy in which identified their society, based on social ran kings upon which was born into, or had been reborn into. When the Aryans came to the Dravidian-occupied Indian subcontinent, they implemented a caste system which separated them from the Dravidian.It composes of four major components wherein the stinkpot was reserved for the Dravidian people. The topmost was known as the Brahmin class, made up of religious officials. The second was the Kshatriya, which was reserved for warriors and rulers. The third was the Vaishya, which was reserved for artisans and other skilled workers kindred(p) farmers. The last one was the Shudra, wherein they serve the higher castes (Flesher 1997). Intermarriage was disallowed because they believe that it provide reduce their rank. One is also required to perform well, and promote goodness in order to maintain the rank or move upward when they are reincarnated.The opposite happens to those who promote evil. It has also been mentioned that some Buddhist from other areas practice the same Caste system impl emented by the Aryans. However, they implemented new ideas in order to promote equality among the classes, which is a chief principle of Buddhism. The Life of Buddha Who was He anyway? Buddha was said to prevail been born in the body of Siddhartha Gautama, the prince of Kapilavastu which was near the Indian-Nepalese border, during the fifth century B. C. (Delattre 2009).At around this time period, India had a prolific spiritual heritage, with Hinduism at the forefront. It has been described in spiritual scripturesprobably from Hindu sourcesthat an ascetic will be born and become the peachyest spiritual teacher. This ascetic would also befool the ultimate truth (Lorentz 2007). It has also been mentioned in Hindu scriptures that after the prince was born, seven Brahmin priests observed the baby, concluding that the baby will become a great spiritual leader who will leave his royal status behind him the basic principle of Buddhism.However, his father wished for him to become a Great King, giving him the best education which a prince deserved. His curiosity of the world beyond the walls of their palace urged him to sneak out and realize the truth about the world they lived in. After this realization, he vowed to financial aid the people by living life as an ascetic, leaving his royal status behind. While on his spiritual quest, he went under the wings of great teachers, to which he was able to surpass. Realizing that there is still dukkhas to be flushed away, he left his teachers and practiced by himself.He was able to attain his complete spirituality without the practice of extreme asceticism. For the next four or so decades, he ordained new followers and taught them what he had learned from his spiritual quest (Lorentz 2007) he became Buddha. destruction of the World at the Presence of Seven Suns In Buddhas sermon of the Seven temperatenesss, he envisioned that Seven suns would appear on the sky and wreak butchery towards the Earth, through a series of ca taclysmic events (Jayaram 2007). This will occur after many hundreds and thousands of years in the future as do all end-of-days prophecies.In Buddhas version, the carriage of the seven suns will cause the following first sun would cause severe drought second sun will evaporate streams and ponds third sun will evaporate great rivers like the Ganges fourth sun, after a long lapse, would evaporate the great lakes After another long lapse, a fifth sun will gradually drain oceans After yet another long lapse, a sixth sun will scorch the reality and cause volcanic eruptions After another long interval, the seventh sun will turn the earth into a ball of flame and then break open and disappear. A Slight Taste of Death and the AfterlifeBoth Hinduism and Buddhism believed in reincarnation, as the caste system which they followed required reincarnation to reward or punish people. However in Buddhism, one must attain Nirvanaenlightenmentin order to escape the endless cycle of reincarnation. I f the person failed to do so, he or she will be reborn into one of the following six states of life Heaven (has 37 different levels), Human life (under the caste system), Asura (Demi-Gods), Hungry ghost (taken literally), Animals (those who have killed animals), and Hell (the lowest level) (Tang, Urbandharma.org 2002). References Boeree, C. G. (1999). The History of Buddhism. Retrieved May 19, 2009 from Delattre, M. (2000, November 18). The Illustrated Life of the Buddha. Retrieved May 19, 2009 from Flesher, Paul. (1997, February 8). Social Organization The Caste System. Retrieved May 19, 2009 from Jayaram, V. (2007). Buddhas Discourse on the End of the World.Retrieved May 19, 2009 from Kolanu, P. (2009). The History of Hinduism. Retrieved May 19, 2009 from Lorentz, M. (2007). Buddhism. Retrieved May 19, 2009 from Tang, T. H. (2002, March 22). Buddhist View on Death and Rebirth. Retrieved May 19, 2009 from

The play ‘The Birthday Party’ Analysis

The play The Birthday Party is about an everyday, domestic lifestyle/ characters with mixed emotions. The whole play is based on a boarding dramatics with one guest, Stanley. It starts off with the owners, Meg and Petey, leading a normal day with Stanley. Two men come to look at the house to stay and Stanley gets nervous. The two men, McCann and Goldberg hold Stanleys birthday party and make it a living hellThroughout the play McCann shows signs of confusion and innocence at the task-in-hand. moreover this is not always the case, for example McCann, later on in the play, attempts to strike Stanley with a chair. When McCann and Goldberg arrive at the boarding house in Act 1, McCann states, what are we doing here Nat? this gives off signals that McCann is there as Goldbergs aid and not a leading figure.As the play goes on, the audience may start to sense unsound for Stanley due to unfortunate circumstances and more hatred and dis resembling towards Goldberg and McCann for making him feel so negative.McCann He killed his married womanGoldberg Why did you kill your wife?Stanley What wife? (Back turned, facing the audience)The above quote shows how McCann and Goldberg continue to bully Stanley. Pinter uses the language in the above quote as if McCann and Goldberg were pressing Stanley for information and as if Stanley found it hard to untruth whilst looking at them so he turned his back. The prospect of McCann being more innocent may counter the dislike and tempt the audience to feel sorry for McCann as he gets dragged deeper and deeper into the unknown. Pinter does this to, yet again, represents the plays psychotic nature and obscure mentality.Read also Analysis of Characters in Flannery OConnors The Life You continue May Be Your OwnAt the beginning of act two McCann is said to be sitting at a table tearing newspapers into 5 equal strips. This may make the audience uncomfortable as it is a rather curious thing to do and may make the audience insane as to w hy he is doing this and what he is thinking as it never tells you this in the play.Stanley picks up a strip of paperMcCann moves inMcCann Mind that.McCann intelligibly has a motive for tearing the paper or he wouldnt mind it being touched. It is a fine example of the plays paranormal mentality. Also Pinter wrote McCanns line like this to make the audience uncomfortable as it is a rather subtle, commanding statement.During Stanleys birthday party in act 2, McCann offers to take Stanleys glasses for him during a crippled of blind mans buffStanley stand blindfold. McCann backs slowly across the stage to the left. He breaks Stanleys glasses, snapping the frames. McCann picks up the drum and places it in Stanleys path Stanley walks over and puts his foot through it. here McCann proves to be quite a bully and may convince the audience to feel disgust towards him, due to the audiences feeling towards the main character, Stanley, countering the possible sorrow from before on in the play. Pinter may do this to make sure that the audience can never set on a real feeling for McCann which may add to the fog of confusion surrounding the play.As a conclusion I think that McCann is a character the brings emotion and excitement and you can never in reality settle on a feeling for him

Internet and Books Essay

In todays modern world, technology has a great influence on our life and time. Back in the former(a) 19th century, when electronic devices had not been invented, the population could only aim printed word such as books, targeters, newspapers or magazines, to gather information. Later, in the mid 20th century, the use of computers, televisions and radios athletic supportered people to know about the incidents occurrence all nigh the world, more easily. Now, in the 21st century, the creation of meshwork and otherwise devices to access it has helped us to realize gigabytes of information, effective with the click of our mouse. The cyberspace has made it possible for us to acquire answers for almost all of the questions that we ask, and has alleviated the access to information to almost every(prenominal) field imaginable.Firstly, internet helps to save time and effort. All you need to do is type in your question and click SEARCH. It rear give an answer to almost every questio n type in, and it is usually very quick, speedy and fast. On the other hand, using books or other printed texts end waste time, as you need to discovery the appropriate book and then search for the information you need from it. For example, while searching for a book in the depository library, you waste time trying to acquire there, and even more time trying to find the book you need. Despite this, time is also lost when you try to find the information that is useful to you from the book. Whereas the internet acts as a filter that sieves out all the data you need, in a span of seconds. just it stub be argued that using electronic devices corroborate tooth cause distractions and disturbances. Using the internet can divert your attention to some other unrelated site and will cause you to waste time. For instance, you may login to facebook or twitter, or check your mail instead of researching and using the time well. On the contrary, you cannot be easily distracted in a library w here silence is preferred, and is change with people who want to work. But if the internet is used properly, and if the person has a self control over himself the internet has more advantages comparing to printed texts. So in short internet can be a time-saver only if used wisely.Alternatively, the internet can sometimes provide us with unreliable information. It is like a blank page in which people are allowed to post whatever they want, and sometimes even the wrong information. As exemplified by blogs, in which anyone can post their opinions and views on a bet, the internet can be a source of unreliable and inaccurate information as it contains the judgement of different individuals and not the true facts. On the contrary, printed texts can be a great source of reliable information. Books are written by experienced authors who have researched well about the topic themselves before publishing it. A library can assure you that the book in your hand is tested and trustworthy.In spite of being unreliable, internet can provide us with up-to-date data. It offers information on the most recent discoveries and inventions, the latest cars or other products and about the contemporary incidents and happenings all around the world. However once a book is published, any recent findings cannot be added to it. There are always new developments in the field of health, science, technology and politics that the library simply cannot keep up with. Therefore, the internet can provide us with the latest news about our modern day developments and can be dependable only if used properly by checking the sources of a particular website.Thirdly, glaring at a riddle for a long period of time can cause various eye and back tasks. Computer vision syndromes like eye strain and cataracts are caused by glaring at the computer screen for prolonged periods. Millions develop a condition called dry eye, resulting in gritty, itchy, inflamed eyes, due to staring at the screen for hours. T he light from computer screens can cause drastic problems to your eyes, and sometimes even partial blindness. Unlike computer screens, books can be very easy to read as they are just words printed on paper. However there are many solutions to prevent the damage caused to eyes by computer screens. Screen filters can be bought to void the amount of light radiation hitting our eyes.There are also many softwares that can transfer the information audibly or with the help of videos, and do not require data to be read. Regular breaks, and turning away from the screen constantly can also help in avoiding eye and back problems. Usually, there is an option to zoom in, which enables people to read easily. Unlike computers, books cannot be zoomed in, when the letters are too small to be visible, causing eye problems as well. So the problems caused by glaring at computer screens or reading the small printed texts in books, can be reduced by taking steadfast breaks and exercises, as anything in excess isnot good for our health.Moreover, a lot of paper is wasted in the creation of books and magazines. Deforestation, being one of the greatest threats that adult male are facing today, is outgrowthd by the production of paper in books. A few sheets of paper could be worth one tree. Hence the number of trees is reducing day by day. Obviously, trees are vital for our living as they are the natural producers of food. Deforestation not only causes scarcity of food and other resources, but also results in the rise of the earths temperature, causing global warming. In contrast to books, modern technology like mobile phones, computers or tablets does not harm the environment to a very great extent. In the case of computers the energy used is electricity, which is renewable and can be created again and again. The internet is a huge database, and more information can be adjoined into it, very easily.However books are created from sheets of paper, and if the number of books increase, then the level of deforestation can increase correspondingly. To reduce the destruction of the earths forests by deforestation, paper should be recycled and not wasted. Instead it is much easier to use the help of modern technology that functions with the help of renewable energy, which does not have a great impact on nature. Therefore modern electronics has made it possible to overcome a huge problem to the environment.In conclusion, modern technology has many positive uses it has made the world a smaller place by allowing us to contact individuals all around the world, many electronic devices are very cheap making it affordable to all and has also allowed people to find out about the news and incidents happening all around the world. But every good has some bad, and the extensive use of technology can be harmful to our health. I strongly consider that modern technology has been very helpful and useful to the human population. It has eased our access to information in very sustain able manner, and has connected the world together.

Old and New Reflected in The Great Gatsby Essay

The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald was first published in 1925. The United States was prospering as part of its post World War I recuperation and this meant that the American people prospered as well. But as history will tell us the booming 20s were a fleeting sequence and America was on a fast track of change. By the end of the 20s a depression was on the horizon and the decadence of the proterozoic part of decade was over. The Great Gatsby, although not popular in its day, is representative of this old way giving over to a newer angiotensin converting enzyme.In addition, to changing economics there was a shift in morals and American values. Gatsbys character illustrates all of the greedy and excessive ways of the old traditions. The novel takes can during the summer of 1922 in which Nick Carraway, a Minnesota native becomes friends with his neighbor Jay Gatsby. Carraway had recently moved into the West Egg area, where other young and newly blotto New York residents floc k toward. One is that of the greed and excessivness of the old ways.In my younger and more vulnerable years my father gave me some advice that I have been routine over in my mind ever since, Whenever you feel like criticizing any single, he said. Just remember that all of the people of the world have not had the opportunities you have, (Fitzgerald, 1925, p. 8). Nicks character represents the new way. He is reserved when casting judgment and his simple lifestyle reflects the idea that wealth need not twinkle itself. Gatsby threw regular parties in which he displayed excessive amounts of wealth.However, it seems that Gatsby is a lonely character. And although Nick is the opposite of Gatsby he recognizes that it isnt Gatsby himself that is bad. It is his wealth and all of the people who feed send off of Gatsby for his money. Gatsby turned out to be alright in the end it is what preyed on Gatsby, what foul dust floated in the wake of his dreams that temporarily closed out my vex in the abortive sorrows and short-winded elations of men, (Fitzgerald, p. 13). Nick was obviously turned off by the partying and excessiveness of Gatsbys lifestyle.One of the major motifs in this novel includes geographics and how the sense of place affects ones moral background. For example Nick is from the Midwest, where life has a slower pace. In addition, the Midwestern philosophy of life includes such quips as the one from the beginning of the novel where Nick is cautioned about making judgments about other people. However, those from New York, specifically from East Egg are not as virtuous. fit in to Nicks assessment the easterners are judgmental and decadent.From East Egg, then, came the Chester Beckers and the Leeches, and a man named Bunsen, whom I knew at Yale, and Doctor Webster Civet, who was drowned last summer up in Maine. And the Hornbeams and the Willie Voltaires, and a whole clan named Blackbuck, who always gathered in a corner and flipped up their noses like goats a t whosoever came near. And the Ismays and the Chrysties (or rather Hubert Auerbach and Mr. Chrysties wife), and Edgar Beaver, whose hair, they say, turned cotton-white one winter afternoon for no good reason at all, (Fitzgerald, 1925, p.34). The sense of place being a factor is symbolized in the Valley of Ashes which seperates New York, pull down of moral decay, and the West, land of moral vigor. Other symbols in this novel include the green light which flashes on and off at the edge of the character Daisys dock. This light is the green light for Gatsbys hopes and future. Which ultimatly cause his demise as well. Reference Fitzgerald, F. S. (1925). The Great Gatsby. New York Charles Scribners Sons.

Satan: Rebel or Hero?

John Miltons epic, Paradise bemused, has had numerous, diverse evaluations and translations. Miltons objective in composing it was to explicate the storyline of Adam and Eve. Even though the epic is like the biblical story in some regard, Miltons character arrangement deviates from that of the Bibles story. All through the epic, Milton illustrates the characters in the flair he imagines they are. In Paradise Lost, Milton depicts demon as someone with heroic and insubordinate characteristics, but it becomes clear that Satan is not a hero. To demonstrate how major(ip) Satan is to Paradise Lost, Milton begins with an introduction of Satan. He utilizes Satans valiant traits to his supporters, and his depravity cap efficacy to pre displace the fine line between the virtuous and the wicked. Satan, who was called Lucifer, was a highly regarded holy person in enlightenment. This proves that he was formerly upstanding. The reader views Satan as a powerfully authoritative leader to all in his company. Milton illustrates Satans behavior when saying, His pluck/ had course him out from Heaven, with all his host. Of rebel angels, by whose aspiring/ To set himself in glory above his peers (Milton, 4). Arrogance was the chief cause why divinity banished Satan from Heaven. Satan constantly attempted to be the person in charge, instead of abiding Gods rules. He could have made a biography in Paradise eternally, but his rebellious feelings were too strong as he declares, Better to reign in Hell than serve in Heaven (Milton, 31). This demonstrates how keen he felt about not being below fellow angels. Multiple happenings like the previously mentioned ones are used as view to see Satan as a hero.Satan is seen as the central and smartest angel. Satan is recognized as the second most powerful under God who has the most power. Before Satan chooses to renounce his current lifestyle and defy God, he was one of the most alluring and clever angels in heaven. Even though Satan wa s attractive, the main feature that makes him heroic is that he was the most commanding angel. This assists him significantly in his uprising against God because the additional angels admire him. An additional ability can be seen in the rebellion, his speech talent. Satan is capable of convincing his fellow angels to accompany him in his revolt.When Satan states, to govern, not to serve, he stresses freedom and persuades others to occasion him and his rebellion. Satan orates all throughout the story. His speeches are lengthy yet persuasive. Satan convinces one-third of all the angels in Heaven to team up with him. His orations heighten his pursual interest and confidence in him. To suffer, as to do/ our strength is equal nor the law unjust/That so ordains. This was at first resolved, /If we were wise, against so great a foe /Contending, and so doubtful what might fall (Milton, 68). In this part of Satans talk, Milton presents Satans skill by his diction. In addition, this shows why the others admire Satan, as Hamilton says, Satan is seen as a prince of Hell, as Well as commoner and matchless chief (Hamilton, 21). After obtaining supporters, Satan is prepared for war against God. Satans speech about locating in the Capitol of Hell, Pandemonium, is an arousing one. To have built Heaven high towers/Nor did he scape/ By all his engines but was headlong sent/ With industrious crew to build in Hell (Milton, 55). The reader sees how much Satan enjoys the attention when his supporters root for him.This exemplifies the important responsibility that Satans arrogance takes part in his judgment. Satans arrogance messes with his plot many different clocks. By doing this, Satan starts to fret about himself and the views of himself in his supporters eyes. Satan carries on stating, Should we again levy Our Stronger, some worse way his wrath may find to our destruction (Milton, 63). ?This speech appears to be one of Satans top moments because his followers are ready to pass away with Satan, and he enjoys being the leader of his followers. Now that Satan has peeked his power, he begins to decrease his heroic traits.The primary signal is after his speech, I should be much for open up war, O peers/ As not behind in hate, if what was urged/ Main reason to persuade immediate war/ Did not dissuade me most (Milton, 64). Satan seems to be swamped with thoughts of how he is going to challenge God. Satan is still seen as a hero to his supporters due to how he goes to face God unaided, Satan their chief, undertakes alone the voyage, is honour and applauded (Milton, 59). Though, Milton displays this side of Satan to make them think before guessing that Satan is the hero of the story.Even with the heroic qualities Satan has, one does not have to discover him heroic (Hamilton, 14). This speech foreshadows an oration that puts evidence against Satan being a hero. Satan is not as courageous as he was in the sign part of the story, but he has descended to snea kiness. Milton starts to show these characteristics to recognize the reality of Satan. Along with these details, the reader can notice how Satan is not a hero, but just a person with a lot of power dependence with multiple heroic traits. Satan can be seen as a hero in the epics beginning, but Milton alters the outlook of Satan radically as the epic goes on.Satan is actually a self-centered weakling that let his pride lead to ingratitude towards God from the epics start (Weber, 25). Even though Satan is a superb speech giver and grand warrior, he appears duplicitous of what he says to his supporters in what he thinks and what he actually performs. Satans initial introduction is an instance of this. Satan tells the others fallen angels to not be scared, despite his own fright. All throughout the epic, Satans character depreciates. Satan is seen as a grand fighter and then as time passes, his own supporters start to disbelieve him.Milton has his bright hero go forward to be seen and t hen repelled. This shows how the two most heroic traits that Milton utilizes to portray Satan as an insubordinate hero were diminished, and Miltons Satan is not a hero ultimately. Works Cited Hamilton, George Rostrevor. Hero or Fool? A Study of Miltons Satan. London G. Allen and Uwin Ltd. , 1944. Milton, John. Paradise Lost Books I and II. Boston Ginn, Heath, Pc Co. , 1883. ? Weber, Burton Jasper. The Constitution of Paradise Lost. Carbondale Southern Illinois University Press, 1971.

Learning Strategies Essay

study strategies determine the approach for achieving the learning objectives and argon included in the pre-instructional activities, information presentation, learner activities, testing, and follow-through. The strategies be unremarkably tied to the needs and interests of students to enhance learning and are based on many types of learning styles (Ekwensi, Moranski, &T professsend-Sweet, 2006). collect to the Learning Strategies are used to achieve the learning objectives that teachers want their learners to use when they are acquiring a second language, it is important to be conscious about the factor that influence the choice of learning strategies. What are those factors? There is a range of factors that affect strategy choice, including vocabulary learning strategies. check to Ellis (1994 540 545) there are two broad categories of such factors INDIVIDUAL LEARNER DIFFERENCES * AGE Young children tend to use strategies in task specific manner, whereas older ones use generali zed and more sophisticated strategies.* LEARNING STRATEGY According to Oxford (1989), general approach to language learning determines the choice of L2 learning strategies. For example analytic learners prefer strategies such as contrastive analysis and discerning words and phrases, whereas global students use strategies to find meaning guessing, scanning, predicting, and so forth * PERSONALITY TYPE Ehrman (1990) suggests that each personality type is associated with assets and liabilities where language learning is concerned. For example, extroverts are assigned to deplete giveingness to take risks (an asset) and with dependency on external stimulation and interaction (a liability).Another finding mentioned by Erhman was that introverts showed great use of strategies involving searching for and communicating meaning than did extroverts. * MOTIVATION Some researches show that highly actuate learners used more strategies relating to formal practice, functional practice, general study, and conversation/input elicitation than poorly propel learners (Ellis 1994542). The particular reason for studying the language motivational orientation, especially as related to career battleground was also important in the choice of strategies.SITUATIONAL AND SOCIAL FACTORS * GENDER On the basis of Oxford and Nyikos (1989) and Erhman (1990) research, females reported greater overall strategy use than males in many studies. Although sometimes males surpassed females in the use of a particular strategy. * TYPE OF TASK The specification of the task may help learners in using particular strategies, but cannot predetermine the actual strategies that will be used. * Learning setting Students (Ellis 1994) have pointed out a occur of differences in the usage of learning strategies in a schoolroom and in more natural setting.Studies of classroom strategies by Chamot (1988) showed that social and affective strategies were used in ghostly by adults, excluding questioning for clar ification. However, Wong-Filmore (19761979) reported frequent use of social strategies by young learners in a play situation. CONCLUSION Once we as teachers know the factors that influence in our students decisions to choose a specific Learning Strategy, it will be easier to guide them in the correct way to be autonomous, students whom can take charge of their own learning (Nation, 2001222) and gain independence and self-direction. REFERENCES Ehrman, J. K.(1990). Clinical Exercise Physiology . Unided States of America. Ellis, R. (1994). The Study of Second row Acquisition. New York Oxford University Press. Oxford, R. L. (1989). Language Learning Motivationpathways to the new century. Unided States of America University of Hawaii Press. Ekwensi, F. , Moranski, J. , & Townsend-Sweet, M. , (2006). E-Learning Concepts and Techniques. Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvanias Department of Instructional Technology. 5. 1 Instructional Strategies for Online Learning. Retrieved February 26th , 2010 http//iit. bloomu. edu/Spring2006_eBook_files/ebook_spring2006. pdf.

The corresponding world consumption for oil during

In 2004, the terra firma takings of oil color was estimated at just over 29. 7 Bbl. The corresponding world consumption for oil during the similar period was estimated at 29. 6 Bbl of oil, leaving a surplus of just under 0. 1 Bbl at the end of the year. In the United States, one of largest consumer markets for oil and oil products, from the first workweek in September 2004 to the first week in September 2005, gasoline legal injurys increased by a staggering $1. 22 per gallon to $3. 12 before dropping to $2. 25 on November 21, 2005. These figures are quite a staggering considering that contracts for crude changed hands at 10 USD/barrel in 1999 (Bilgen and Kaygusuz 2004). With the emergence of China in the global market and its increasing demand for oil, it is projected that unless oil companies are able to increase the world production by investing investment in oil and natural-gas production oil prices could increase exponentially over the next ten (10) years. Since oil remain s the main cypher source in closely countries, the demand for oil will remain incessant despite the changes in the price of oil (Case, 1999). period theoretically it is expected that thither will be a greater demand for oil if the price decreases, it is important to factor in the fact that more governments around the world are implementing push button thrift policies as well as trying to reduce to dependence on oil as an free push button source by developing pick sources of energy (hybrid cars, solar originator, hydroelectric power) (Simmons, 2005). Given the volatility of oil supply and prices coupled with the harmful effects that fossil fuels have on the environment, it is important to discuss the pros and cons of substitute(a) sources of energy.The most popular and arguably most powerful source of energy today is the sun. Solar energy has been touted as the solution to the worlds energy problems. Being free and efficient, solar energy is a viable replacement for the ene rgy that fossil fuels provide and as a primary source of energy it is renewable (Serra 2006). One drawback, however, is the fact that current technology to harness the suns rays is expensive and cannot be availed of by many, especially those in developing countries.On top of this, in order for enough solar energy to be a viable source of alternative energy there has to be an sizable supply of it (Serra 2006). This means that a large area which is constantly sunny is the ideal place for the meet utilization of solar energy. There is a lot of promise in this field, however, and soon, as the technology for this improves, solar energy may indeed shed light on the energy problems of the world. An other form of alternative energy that is free and renewable is pry energy.In places that are particularly breezy and have no constant sunlight, harnessing wind energy is a very effective source of clean and renewable energy (Bilgen and Kaygusuz 2004). It has been shown in studies that when th e wind is strong it can provide up to 20% of a countrys energy needs (Serra 2006). Aside from the energy that it can provide, it also promises clean and efficient energy as there are no harmful effluents that are produced and it does not require as much put as solar energy. One problem, however, is the fact that wind may not incessantly be constant (Serra 2006).When the wind slows down to a certain speed it also can no longer be harnessed. This being said, life would certainly be a breeze if the world was able to improve the harnessing of wind energy. To water-down the need for fossil fuels, the world can also resort to hydroelectric energy. Using the natural light of water and gravity, hydroelectric energy is one of the most widely used alternative energy sources in the world (Bilgen and Kaygusuz 2004). With the amount of energy that can be produced, hydroelectric energy produces no waste strong and no pollution (Serra 2006).The downside to this form of energy, however, is the fact that the construction and maintenance for hydroelectric power dams is expensive. While there are developments in micro hydro technology, hydroelectric dams can also displace several communities, destroy woods resources and kill other fishes and aquatic life in the area (Serra 2006). This means that while hydroelectric power is certainly a very viable solution to the energy problems of the world there must be several things that should be sorted out and improved for it to be useful as the worlds main energy source.Another alternative energy source that is making waves is the energy that can be harnessed from tidal energy. Similar in function to hydroelectric energy, this type of energy uses turbines that harness the move and fall of the tides. The natural flow of the oceans currents is harnessed in order to produce energy (Serra 2006). However, due to the queerness of the energy source, it cannot be located just anywhere. There are very few sites that are possible for the lo cation of tidal energy plants and it also poses a threat to local fishing and fisheries (Bilgen and Kaygusuz 2004).Also because tides single occur at certain times of the day it is not as efficient as the other energy types. One of the largest growing sources of alternative energy is biomass. Since this form of alternative energy has a two-fold advantage, reducing of waste and contemporaries of energy, it seems to be the best solution to the worlds energy problems Bilgen and Kaygusuz 2004). Taking brute waste, agricultural crops, grains, wood, mill residues, forest, and aquatics, biomass plants ferment these wastes to generate gases that are then burned to create energy Bilgen and Kaygusuz 2004).The lucid downside to this, however, is that there are harmful effluents that are released. While it indeed captures the gases that are produced, it also releases energy from the burning. The purport in the lap of luxury is indeed a very convenient life but as it is it will be a lifesty le that will be nearly impossible to sustain. It is wonderful to take a leak advantage of all of the technological advancements that are available today but one must always ask whether or not the tradeoff is worth, a moment of pleasure that could be disastrous for this generation and the next.References Serra, J. Alternative Fuel Resource Development, clean house and Green Fuels Fund, (2006). Bilgen, S. and K. Kaygusuz (2004), Renewable heftiness for a Clean and Sustainable Future, Energy Sources 26, 1119. Jeff Tester and Ron DiPippo (2007-06-07). The Future of Geothermal Energy (PDF). US Department of Energy Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. http//www1. eere. energy. gov/geothermal/pdfs/structure_outcome. pdf. Retrieved on 2008-04-16.

Graphene Replaced with Copper

Graphene replaced with sloven Graphene nanoribbons have a current- nurseing mental ability two orders of magnitude higher than copper Recent enquiry into the properties of graphene nanoribbons provides two untested reasons for employ the material for joins in emerging computer chips. In widths as narrow as 16 nm, graphene has a current-carrying capacity approximately a thousand times greater than copper while providing improved caloric conduction. The current-carrying and stir up-transfer measurements were reported by a team of researchers from the tabun Institute of technical schoolnology (Atlanta, GA).The same team had antecedently reported measurements of resistivity in graphene that suggest the materials conductance would outperform that of copper in emerging generations of nanometer-scale interconnects. The graphene nanoribbons have a current-carrying capacity two orders of magnitude higher than copper at these size scales, accord to Raghunath Murali, a senior researc h engineer at Georgia Tech. drawframe Composed of skimpy layers of graphite, graphene has been analyze by the Georgia Tech team as a po hug drugtial replacement for copper in on-chip interconnects electrifys.The graphene nanoribbons have a current-carrying capacity of more than than 108 A/cm2, which makes them precise robust in resisting electromigration and should greatly improve chip reliability. This electromigration phenomenon causes transport of material, especi totallyy at high-current density and leads to a break in the wire and, consequently, chip failure. The research team also disc everywhereed that the graphene nanoribbons also have ex cubicleent caloric conduction properties and can conduct heat away from devices.They found that graphene nanoribbons have a thermic conductivity of more than 1,000 W/m Kelvin for structures less than 20 nm wide. This will help the interconnects serve as heat spreaders in future generations of integrated circuits, according to Murali . They used electron beam lithography to construct quaternary electrode cont impresss, then used lithography to fabricate devices consisting of parallel nanoribbons of widths ranging between 16 and 52 nm and lengths of between 0. 2 and 1 m.The disruption current density of the nanoribbons was then studied by slowly applying an increasing sum up of current to the electrodes on either side of the parallel nanoribbons. A drop in current feast indicated the breakdown of wizard or more of the nanoribbons. In the study of 21 test devices, the researchers found that the breakdown current density of graphene nanoribbons has a reciprocal relationship to the resistivity. Because graphene can be patterned using stuffy chip-making processes, manufacturers could make the transition from copper to graphene without a drastic change in chip fabrication.The data they real so far look very promising for using this material as the nates for future on-chip interconnects. Visit www. youtube. com /watch? v=kd6zzwhfEqw to view a video explaining graphenes thermal-conductivity capabilities. Though one of graphenes key properties is reported to be ballistic transportmeaning electrons can flow through it without fortressthe materials actual conductance is limited by factors that include scattering from impurities, military control-edge roughness and from substrate phononsvibrations in the substrate lattice.Use of graphene interconnects could help facilitate continuing increases in integrated circuit performance formerly features sizes drop to approximately 20 nanometers, which could happen in the next five years, researchers said. At that scale, the increased resistance of copper interconnects could offset performance increases, meaning that without other improvements, higher density wouldnt produce faster integrated circuits. This is not a barricade to achieving scaling from one generation to the next, still when it is a roadblock to achieving increased performance.Dim ensional scaling could continue, but because we would be giving up so more in terms of resistivity, we wouldnt get a performance advantage from that. Thats the chore we hope to cypher by switching to a different materials administration for interconnects Survey in graphene replaced with copper PORTLAND, Ore. Graphene will carry nearly 1,000-times more current and run over 10-times cooler than conventional copper interconnects below 22-nanometer line widths, according to researchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech).The speed (electron mobility) of graphene has already been touted as better than copper, but this Georgia Tech data on nanoribbons as small as 16-nanometers quantifies just how superior cytosine is to copper. The graphene nanoribbons tested at Georgia Tech could carry as much as 10 trillion amps per squ are centimeternearly a thousand times greater than copper. No one had mensurable graphenes current carrying capacity before this, said Raghunath M urali, a senior research engineer in Georgia Techs Nanotechnology search focus on. ace possible reason that this property of graphene was not touted before is that there were no data-based results until our work. The superior current carrying capability of carbon formed into graphene nanoribbons is also combined with less heat build-up, since carbons thermal conductivity is much higher than copper. Nanoribbons have a thermal conductivity of 1,000-to-5000 watts per meter Kelvinten times greater than copper. The Georgia Tech researchers also claim that graphene nanoribbons will mitigate electro-migration which is an increasing problem for copper as line widths descend to the nanoscale. If the current carried through a wire is close to the current-carrying capacity of the wire, then the chances of electromigration are greater than if the current in the wire is much smaller than the current-carrying capacity, said Murali. Graphene has over two orders of magnitude greater capacity th an copper, thus if a graphene wire is compared to a copper wire carrying the same current, then the graphene wire will better resist electromigration. Muralis team obtained their graphene samples by removing layers from a graphite block and depositing them on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer.E-beam lithograhy was used to construct the metal contacts and cut the parallel lines of graphene into lines 16-to-52 nanometers wide and 200-to-1000 nanometers long. thither are three hurdles remaining to commercialization of carbon interrconnects, according to the researchers at Georgia Tech perfecting methods of growing monolayers of graphene over entire wafers (since to daylight only small centimeter-sized areas can be easiliy grown in monolayers), fabricating vias to interrconnect graphene nanowires, and integration of carbon into the back-end of process on a CMOS line.Murali performed the work with fellow researchers Yinxiao Yang, Kevin Brenner, Thomas Beck and James Meindl. This resea rch was funded by the semiconductor Research Corporation, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), the Interconnect Focus Center, the Nanoelectronics Research Initiative and the Institute for Nanoelectronics Discovery and Exploration (INDEX). Replacing silicon drawframe Silicon transisitors are approaching the point where further miniturization will no longer be possible. It is expected that once silicon transistors reach 16nm size, optical lithography will no longer be capable of making smaller images.Thus, unless all preogress in transistor size is terminated and performance improvements are limited to processor architecture alone, it is very likely that chip manufacturers will move to graphene as a way to get smaller transisitors. One example is that graphene transistors are very leaky compared to those made of silicon- that is, more charge can escape from them. This federal agency that graphene chips are likely to run much hotter than silicon chips. Graphene has several very appealing traits. Electrons make full much less resistance from graphene than they do from silicon, traveling through it more than 100 times as easily.And because graphene is basically a two-dimensional material, building smaller devices with it and controlling the flow of electricity within them are easier than with third-dimensional alternatives like silicon transistors. The finding underscores graphenes potential for serving as an excellent electronic material, such as silicon, that can be used to develop new kinds of transistors based on quantum physics. Because they encounter no obstacles, the electrons in graphene roam freely across the sheet of carbon, conducting electric charge with extremely low resistance.The research team, light-emitting diode by Chun Ning (Jeanie) Lau, found that the electrons in graphene are reflected back by the only obstacle they meet graphenes boundaries. These electrons meet no other obstacles and behave like quantum billiard balls. They display properties that resemble both particles and waves. when the electrons are reflected from one of the boundaries of graphene, the original and reflected components of the electron can interfere with each other, the way outgoing ripples in a pool might interfere with ripples reflected back from the banks. he electronic interference by measuring graphenes electric conductivity at extremely low (0. 26 Kelvin) temperatures. She explained that at such low temperatures the quantum properties of electrons can be studied more easily. The electrons in graphene can display wave-like properties, which could lead to interesting applications such as ballistic transistors, which is a new type of transistor, as well as resonant cavities for electrons, that a resonant cavity is a chamber, like a kitchen microwave, in which waves can bounce back and forth. Scientifically, it has become a new odel system for condensed-matter physics, the branch of physics that deals with the physical prop erties of solid materials. Graphene enables table-top experimental tests of a number of phenomena in physics involving quantum mechanics and relativity. Bearing excellent material properties, such as high current-carrying capacity and thermal conductivity, graphene ideally is suited for creating components for semiconductor circuits and computers comparing with silicon. Its planar geometry allows the fabrication of electronic devices and the tailoring of a variety of electrical properties.Because it is only one-atom thick, it can potentially be used to make ultra-small devices and further miniaturize electronics. Image shows graphene, which can act as an atomic-scale billiard table, with electric charges acting as billiard balls. (Credit Lau lab, UC-Riverside) Silicon has been the main ingredient in microchips since they replaced vacuum tubes in electronics. But the common element graphene, found in pencils, may one day supplant silicon on the billion-dollar foundries of IBM, Inte l and AMD.Graphene shares the characteristics that make silicon so ubiquitous, not just in computers and cell phones, but in such applications as medical and aviation sensors, ultrahigh-frequency analog electronics for preparing signals for fiber-optic transmission or for radars. Graphene can do what silicon can, only better. Graphene has extraordinary electron-transport properties its monolayer thickness yields exquisite sensitivity to changes in environment, and its mechanistic and thermal properties equal or exceed those of the best conventional materials.The superior properties of graphene and graphene-related materials present an extraordinary fortune for enabling new classes of electronic, optoelectronic and electromechanical devices and sensors The first commercial use for graphene may be as an electrical coating for LCD screens, solar cells, and touch screens. Thin, transparent, extremely conductive, and strong, it seems ideal for the job. ONE OF THE APPLICATION Graphene Q uilts to Keep Things cool December 21, 2009 drawframe Graphene University of California, Riverside (UCR) Professor of Electricalengineering and Chair of Materials Science and Engineering Alexander Balandin is leading several projects to explore ways to use the unique capabilities of graphene quilts as heat conductors in high-power electronics. Graphene is a new-fashionedly discovered single-atom-thick carbon crystal, which reveals many unique properties. In Balandins designs, graphene quilts (large-area co-occur networks of graphene flakes) will play quite an opposite role of your grandmas quilts. They will remove heat instead of retaining it.His work on graphene heat-conducting coats for heat removal from high-power gallium-nitride transistors is being funded by a recently awarded $420,000 grant from U. S. Office of Naval Research (ONR). It aims at an experimental proof-of-concept demonstration to be conducted in Balandins Nano-Device Laboratory (NDL). In addition to the ONR gr ant, Balandin received a new three-year subcontract with the Interconnect Focus Center (IFC), based at the Georgia Institute of Technology, that deals with graphene interconnects and heat spreaders for three-dimensional (3-D) electronics.According to the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors, in the next five years, up to 80 percent of microprocessor power will be consumed by the interconnect wiringa driver for the search for new interconnect materials and innovative methods of heat removal. Another recent subcontract awarded to Balandin is with the Functional Engineered Nano Architectonics (FENA) center based at UCLA. In this center, he investigates the problems of energy superfluity in graphene nanostructures and nanodevices. Combined new funding secured by Balandin this month for the three projects exceeds $1 million.The centers funding comes from the Semiconductor Research Corporation (SRC) and Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA). Because graphene is only one atom thick, it didnt lend itself to traditional methods of thermal conductivity measurement. Balandin led a team of researchers that first mensurable it using an original non-conventional technique in 2008. The procedure involved a non-contact approach on the basis of Raman spectroscopy utilizing the inelastic scattering of photons (light) by phonons (crystal vibrations).The power dissipated in graphene and corresponding temperature rise were spy by extremely small shifts in the wavelength of the light scattered from graphene. That was sufficient to extract the values of the thermal conductivity through an elaborate mathematical procedure. Balandins research group discovered that the thermal conductivity of large suspended graphene sheets varies in the range from about 3000 to 5300 W/mK (watts per meter per degree Kelvin) near agency temperature. These are very high values, which exceed those of carbon nanotubes (3,000-3,500 W/mK) and diamond (1,000-2,200 W/mK).As a resu lt of his findings, Balandin has proposed several innovative graphene-based approaches for thermal management , which might lead to creation of a new technology for local cooling and hot-spot spreading in the high-power-density and ultra-fast chips. A detailed description of Balandins graphene and thermal management research can be found in his invited popular science article, Chill Out, in the October 2009 issue of IEEE Spectrum, the magazine of the The Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE).

Figurative Language Essay

Figurative language is language that describes something by comparability it to something else. Figurative language goes beyond the literal importation of words to describe or explain a subject. There are many types of metaphorical language, including similes, metaphors, alliteration, onomatopoeia, imagery, personification, and hyperbole. Authors intake figurative language to help the reader collide with beyond the written words on the page and to visualize what is going on in the bill or poem. You are using figurative language when writing goes beyond the actual meanings of words so that the reader gains new insights into the objects or subjects in the work. Types of Figurative LanguageThere are many types of figurative language. Some include the use of a specific type of word or word meaning such as 1. SimileA simile is a figure of speech that compares two antithetical things, usually using the words like or as. His feet were as big as boats.Shes as light as a feather.The sno w was like a blanket.She ate like a bird.2. metaphorA metaphor compares two different things without using the words like or as. The comparison is or else made using some form of the be verb. Her hair is silk.My hands are ice.The football participant is an ox.3. PersonificationPersonification is a figure of speech in which an animal, inanimate object, or abstract supposition is given human characteristics. a smiling moonart is a jealous mistressthe crook screamsthe rain kissed her faceEuphonyEuphony is used for effects which are pleasant, rhythmical and harmonious. Anexample of music is the poem Some Sweet Day.Some solar daylight Love shall claim his ownSome day Right ascend his throne,Some day hidden Truth be knownSome daysome sweet day. Lewis J. Bates, the poem Some Sweet DayObserve the symmetry of the lines and how the last syllable in the first three lines rhyme. Poetry is considered euphonic, as is well-crafted literary prose example needed. Important phonaesthetic devi ces of poetry are rhyme, assonance and alliteration. most related to euphony and cacophony is the concept of consonance and dissonance.PeriphrasisDefinitionThe term periphrasis refers to the use of excessive language and surplus words to convey a meaning that could otherwise be conveyed with fewer words and in more direct a manner. The use of this literary device can be to embellish a sentence, to create a grander effect, to beat around the bush and to draw attention aside from the crux of the message being conveyed. ExampleInstead of simply saying I am displease with your behavior, one can say, The manner in which you have conducted yourself in my presence of late has caused me to looking at uncomfortable and has resulted in my feeling disgruntled and disappointed with you.

Athenian Democracy 4 Essay

Who really made our type of government? We surely didnt. It was surprisingly the raft of Athens. It started in 508 BC and is still around as we use it. It remains a strange and intriguing experiment in direct democracy where the people do not elect representatives to choose on their behalf but vote on legislation and executive bills in their own right federation was not at all open, but the in-group of participants was constituted with no reference to economic class and they participated on a scale that was truly phenomenal.The public opinion of voters was remarkably influenced by the political satire performed by the comic poets at the theaters. Only adult male Athenian citizens who had completed their military training as ephebes had the right to vote in Athens. We have had that and many other laws wobbled around the government. In our government each few years the people vote on tender people to represent them, hence the denote Representative Democracy. However the Athenia n people also voted on some of their leaders but that was make in the Agora, which is where every male land owner who is over the age of twenty would meet.This meeting was called the gather. The assembly could be best related to our State Representatives. Then just above them was the council of 500, who monitored the assembly and gave them topics to discuss, as healthy as bills to vote on. Above the council of 500 come the Magistrates. The Magistrates job can be best exposit as the Police in the Government. Their job is to ensure that all the laws are being followed and act because when they are not.The Magistrates, despite the amount of power that they hold, are still not the highest government official in the Athenian democracy, after them comes the Council of the 10 Generals. The Council of 10 Generals was in charge of the military. The Athens didnt start by being a democratic city. It was started by Cleisthenes whose reforms turned Athens from an oligarchy (government by t he few) to a democracy (government of the people). The key to Athenian democracy was Cleisthenes redrawing of the social-political landscape of Athens and Attica.The chief magistrate of the city was often called the Archon eponymous or ruler. His responsibilities include conducting investigations of legal incidents, in particular those that involved the state. He was responsible for protecting the orphans and heiresses with no family and to appoint the choregos who was in charge of organizing the religious festivals. The move towards democracy reflects other changes in society. In the prehistoric period, throughout Greece, blasphemous families have provided the main fighting force, as cavalry.In the seventh century the classical city-states develop the new military idea of the heavily armed soldier, the hoplite. A remorseless phalanx of hoplites becomes as effective on the battlefield as the tank in modern times. These soldiers provide their own weapons and armor, but this is ex pensive. Several of the Greek oligarchies, including that of Athens in the sixth century, reflect the power of this middle class of citizens. A strategic change of direction by Athens, early in the fifth century, gives these poorer citizens a new power.The military effort is deviate into building up an Athenian navy. Triremes, the fast warships of the time, need men to row them. Suddenly every citizen has a part to play, and the crews of a fleet of warships have a self-evident political strength. A more origin democracy, introduced by Pericles in 462, is almost an inevitable result. Approximately one hundred officials out of a megabyte were elected rather than chosen by lot. There were two main categories in this group those essential to handle large sums of money, and the 10 generals, the strategy.One reason that financial officials were elected was that any money steal could be recovered from their estates election in general strongly favored the rich, but in this case wealth was virtually a prerequisite. Generals were elected not only because their role required expert noesis but also because they needed to be people with experience and contacts in the wider Greek world where wars were fought. In the fifth century BC, principally as seen through the figure of Pericles, the generals could be among the most powerful people in the polis.Yet in the case of Pericles, it is wrong to see his power as coming from his big series of annual generalships (each year along with nine others). His line holding was rather an expression and a result of the influence he wielded. That influence was based on his relation with the assembly, a relation that prototypical lay simply in the right of any citizen to stand and speak before the people. Under the poop century version of democracy the roles of general and of key political speaker in the assembly tended to be filled by different persons.In part this was a consequence of the increasingly specialized forms of war practiced in the later period. Elected officials too were subject to review before holding office and scrutiny after office. They too could be removed from office any time the assembly met. In one case from the fifth century BC the 10 treasurers of the Delian league (the Hellenotamiai) were accused at their scrutinies of peculation of funds. Put on trial, they were condemned and executed one by one until before the trial of the tenth and destruction an error of accounting was discovered, allowing him to go free.