Contingencies on the Moral Ethics of Qu’ran

Moral ethics or moral philosophy involves the systemization, defense and recommendation of the concepts of right and wrong behavior. Currently, we define morality within the religious tomes and its dictates. The normative concept of what is right and wrong is religiously determined; that is to say that the moral dictums we follow or pattern is dependent on what the religious tomes, like the Bible [for the Christians] and Qu’ran [for the Moslem] impose on its’ followers. Take for instance, the suras of Mohammad in Al-Isra’ [ The Night Journey of the Children of Israel] , a Moslem disciple of Allah, defines the virtues and duties of a faithful Moslem. Hereto we investigate the moral dictums of Sura 17 of Qu’ran and moral implications on the contemporary society as well as several other important issues like the Sura politicization and current social relevance. Mohammad’s Sura 17Al Isra’ titled The Night Journey of the Children of Israel is equivocal to the Abraham’s Ten Commandments in the Christians Holy Bible. As human beings, we are differentiated from the rest of the animal kingdom by our ability to ‘reason’ and to play by the set of rules and obligations as members of the holistic society. The imposition of ‘rules’, ‘regulations’, and ‘duties’ are complex but the foundation is basically the same—they appear obligatory irrespective of the consequences that may follow. One major tenet of duty theories is duty/obligation to God/Allah and arguably, any religion for that matter, would necessitate or allude to the practice of inward and outward worship to God. For Moslems, such practice is neatly outlined in the ‘commandments’ imposed by Allah through the writings of His disciple Mohammad in Sura 17 of the Qu’ran. The precepts of Moslem moral duty are basically the same with that of the Christian, ‘Do not kill’, ‘Honoring parents’, ‘Do not lie’, ‘Avoid adultery’, ‘Do not covet, and ‘observing Sabbath’. Because such moral duties were defined thousands of years ago, they would naturally lose the characteristic elasticity especially if correlated to the current demands of the changing society. The contention is that with the rise of technology and the current trend of globalization, moral duty is now questioned with the concept of Darwinian adaptation. Looking at it this way, Moslem moral duty would need to rectify the age old wisdom to answer to the demands of the societal evolution. Would Allah’s commandments be suffice to feed the moral need of the people? Apparently, Allah puts emphasis on prima facie duties described in Qu’ran Sura 17. In actuality such duties lay conflict on our daily life. Poverty is a pox of the society and one of the major problems correlated to it is overpopulation. To combat this, the [most] government prescribed or legalized ‘abortion’ to control increasing population. Naturally, abortion is a huge no-no to Moslem duty and this was explicitly defined in Sura 17: YUSUFALI: Kill not your children for fear of want: We shall provide sustenance for them as well as for you. Verily the killing of them is a great sin. PICKTHAL: Slay not your children, fearing a fall to poverty, We shall provide for them and for you. Lo! the slaying of them is great sin. SHAKIR: And do not kill your children for fear of poverty; We give them sustenance and yourselves (too); surely to kill them is a great wrong (v 32). The notion is laughable considering that raising children is a responsibility which entails financial sustenance and not just from abstract provision from Allah. While it true that abortion is an unorthodox method of population control from the religious view, it cannot be contested that it is a ‘legal’ right in most Western and Westernized countries alike. Additionally, the verse is also in contra with the women empowerment on their right to choose to deliver life of their own accord. Herein there is a question on individual moral conviction; in a sense, abortion is not religiously right by the premise of Allah’s Sura which is in contrast with the current trends on upholding women empowerment and the stabilizing force of the government-erected constitution. Perhaps the most debated issue on Allah’s commands is the verse concerning murder and the justice system underscored by it: .YUSUFALI: Nor take life – which Allah has made sacred – except for just cause. And if anyone is slain wrongfully, we have given his heir authority (to demand qisas or to forgive): but let him not exceed bounds in the matter of taking life; for he is helped (by the Law). PICKTHAL: And slay not the life which Allah hath forbidden save with right. Whoso is slain wrongfully, We have given power unto his heir, but let him not commit excess in slaying. Lo! he will be helped. SHAKIR: And do not kill any one whom Allah has forbidden, except for a just cause, and whoever is slain unjustly, We have indeed given to his heir authority, so let him not exceed the just limits in slaying; surely he is aided (V. 3). While it is true that murder is forbidden in Islam, there also constitute a just compensation for the victim and the allusion of Allah as the Supreme Being, Him being a cause to die for. Compensatory damages proceed by an almost unprecedented manner; Sharia law of qisas (retaliation) dictates an almost undemocratic treatment of the murder victims with biased favors for the Islams and only half of blood money allowed for the non-Islams. Such system of compensation is far-fetch from the now-favored legislative system which does not pass down court decisions on compensatory damages depending on the type of religion. The notion of Supremist religion of the Islamic community is instigated by the fact that Qu’ran and any Islamic texts (if not abrogated) states the omnipotence and the due reverence that must be bestowed to Him [Allah], and if otherwise not followed, will incur the curses of Allah and all mankind. YUSUFALI: And fight them on until there is no more Tumult or oppression, and there prevail justice and faith in Allah; but if they cease, Let there be no hostility except to those who practise oppression. PICKTHAL: And fight them until persecution is no more, and religion is for Allah. But if they desist, then let there be no hostility except against wrong-doers. SHAKIR: And fight with them until there is no persecution, and religion should be only for Allah, but if they desist, then there should be no hostility except against the oppressor (v. 93). While mercy killing is condemned, jihad is ‘just’ because it is for the cause of Allah and it is an acceptable means to obliterate the unbelievers. Over the course of history, and more so now, jihad is politicized by Islamic communities; Islam government and in some small discrete communities who practiced Islamic faith claimed that jihad is just if for the cause of retaliation and Allah. YUSUFALI: The prohibited month for th e prohibited month,- and so for all things prohibited,- there is the law of equality. If then any one transgresses the prohibition against you, Transgress ye likewise against him. But fear Allah, and know that Allah is with those who restrain themselves. PICKTHAL: The forbidden month for the forbidden month, and forbidden things in retaliation. And one who attacketh you, attack him in like manner as he attacked you. Observe your duty to Allah, and know that Allah is with those who ward off (evil). SHAKIR: The Sacred month for the sacred month and all sacred things are (under the law of) retaliation; whoever then acts aggressively against you, inflict injury on him according to the injury he has inflicted on you and be careful (of your duty) to Allah and know that Allah is with those who guard (against evil)(v. 194). Jihad then is a defensive mechanism for the Moslem community. Looking at it this way, genocide is permissible given that the victims are Christians or Islam non-believers. What is most daunting is that such principle/concept destroys diplomatic international relations between Moslems and Christians. Such moral principle lay conflict to the recently instigated international law banning warfare after the World War II. While it is true that religious laws lay foundation to our basic moral principles and ethics, it must be remembered that our greater obligation is to produce good for the greater mankind. An inspection on some Qu’ran laws display the importance of reconsidering or rectifying the foundations of Moslem moral ethics based on several social and universal moral considerations.

Twilight: Movie vs Book

The Twilight saga is a fantasy book that became even more popular with the movie that came out two years after the book. Twilight is about a teenage girl that brings danger to her life by falling in love with an immortal vampire. The book is written by Stephanie Meyer who has written 3 more books to the series. Even thought that the movie â€Å"Twilight† was based on the book it had a lot of differences and there were a lot of missing parts.One of the biggest differences is that the book is written from Bella's thoughts; it is really she who narrates the situations she is in. The reader gets to be Bella in a way and you find out everything she thinks and feels about Edward. Although in the movie reflects on both Bella and Edward, by watching the movie you don’t get the same feeling as in the book. If there are some private thoughts of Bella that the viewer must know about, you get them in the context of the story; it feels almost like Bella is writing a diary.Another im portant difference is how Bella finds out that Edward is a vampire. In the book, the school they are going in is having a dance and because Bella is not really that in to dancing she and Edward decide to go to Seattle, but the don’t even go to Seattle instead Edward takes Bella to the meadow and tells her what he is and he reveals himself in the sunlight so that she can see that he is sparkling in the sunlight.In the movie they are in front of their school preparing to go to class and Edward decides to go to the nearby forest, Bella went after him and she confessed that she knows what he is, Edward was surprised and he tries to scare her by showing himself in to the sunlight so that she can see that he is sparkling. However the book and the movie have a lot of similarities as well. The family dynamics are described very well. In the book Bella’s mother Rene is very eccentric and she cares a lot about Bella, even though she does not get more than a few minutes in the mo vie, you can easily see her personality.It is the same with Bella’s father Charlie, he did not spend much time with Bella when she was little and the awkwardness between them is described well in the book and in the movie. Altogether both the book and the movie follow the same storyline. As I mentioned earlier the movie is based on the book twilight and it is hard to miss that, they have the same method and all the important characters. I would recommend to read the book first and then watching the movie because the small differences in the movie are significant as of course that depends from the viewers.

Discusses Confucius contributions Essay

Confucius’ life was of tremendous importance in the forming of Chinese culture. Confucius’ plan and simple approach to life, revealed his deep seeded beliefs that through great human effort one can shape their own future. He had great faith in the ordinary man and believed that they are teachable and perfectible. Confucius believed that ordinary humans could be come awe-inspiring with wisdom and great knowledge. The quest to improve one’s â€Å"self† became deeply rooted in the Confucian heritage. Confucius’ concept of moral rectitude was considered part of the pursuit to becoming the perfected person. Confucius was devoted to learning and teaching. His teaching emphasized self-improvement and moral rectitude. When his words â€Å"for the sake of the self† are explored it becomes clear Confucius was constant in his belief of self-improvement through out his life and his work. Confucius was a philosopher, teacher and political figure that lived from (551-479 BC) in the state of Lu, now know as the Shandong province. He was a member of the minor aristocracy and bureaucratic class during that time. By the time of his birth, his family had apparently become poverty-stricken. He was known for his conservation of the traditions of ritual and music of the Chou civilization. At an early age, it was apparent that Confucius was dedicated to learning. Confucius’ father died when he was three years old and this probably had a huge impact on his family’s class. The lose of his father and his family being poverty-stricken must have been key factors that set him upon his ambitious journey to improve human kind, governments and society. His mother was his first teacher and he developed an emphatic quest for knowledge. It was a common practice for aristocratic families to hire tutors to educate their sons, but Confucius was one of the first persons to devote himself totally to learning and teaching for the sole purpose of transforming and improving society. Confucius was also a dedicated government servant. He served in government posts where he managed stables and kept books. At the age of nineteen Confucius married a woman of similar background. Confucius’ early influences are all contributing factors that made him a young and wise  scholar during his time. Confucius concept of â€Å"moral rectitude† was evident because he wanted to make education available to all men. He believed everyone could benefit from learning and self-cultivation. Confucius established a humanities program for leaders, paved the way for education to all and redefined learning as not only the acquisition of knowledge, but also as a character builder. Confucius primary role of education was to provide the proper way of training noblemen. This education would consist of continuous self-improvement and frequent social interaction. To personally achieve the goal â€Å"for the sake of the self†, Confucius mastered six arts: ritual, music, archer, charioteering, calligraphy and arithmetic. The art that became most important was that of â€Å"ritual†. Confucius was actively involved with the government. It was his desire to have a rebirth of the ideas and institution of a past golden age. Confucius hoped to integrate the ritual of those times into the government and family life. He believed this could only happen with ideal rulers such as the legendary sage-kings Yao and Shun. Confucius believed that the ethic of an ideal ruler would translate to a moral state. The ideal ruler would cultivate virtues of benevolence toward others, a general sense of doing what is right, loyalty and diligence in serving one’s superiors. The â€Å"moral rectitude† according to Confucius could also be taught and handed down by performing rituals. Ritual acted as guidelines for people to follow in any given social situations. Ritual could vary considerably depending on age, social status and gender. Confucius contributed to some specific rituals and values but also the importance of the past and hierarchy of the social classes. Rituals be came â€Å"the way† to act. Most East Asian societies continue to be influenced by Confucius teachings, valuing the community, the family, and other social relationships over individuality and uniqueness. The Confucius influence encourages support of education and learning from books and from the past, refinement of social rituals to smooth the relationships of people in a community. The western  culture has vastly deviated from Confucius teaching. Each day the western culture ignores more rituals and become more self-absorbed. A glance at today’s headlines or reality TV makes this obvious. Today there are still some existing rituals and moral behavior, but the boundaries blur with each generation. What Confucius provided was a definition of ethics and morally characterized by personal actions and rituals. A simple way to understand Confucius thoughts is to gain an appreciation of the varying levels of honesty. Over time, they developed into the following form: *Li – ritual. Propriety or politeness, Etiquette. This concept originally meant to sacrifice. The term later expanded to secular ceremonial behaviors and then even more diffuse mean, that of propriety or politeness. This expanded the term to everyday life situations. Confucius was revered as the authority on ritual behavior. *Ziao or Hsiao – filial piety. Respect and obedience. The was considered to be the greatest virtue and was shown towards the living and dead. The term ‘filial’ means â€Å"of a son† and therefore denotes that a son should have respect and obedience to his parents. This term was expanded to other relationships such as ruler and subject, husband and wife, elder brother and younger brother, and that between friends. The duties and ritual where prescribed for each of these relationships. Eventually this term was integrated into the Chinese legal system. An example of this would be that a child would be punished more harshly if the crime were against a parent. *Zhong or Chung – loyalty. This term is equivalent to filial piety, but on a different level. This term apply predominantly to the social classes of ruler and minister. In a case of Zhong, a minister should obey the ruler because he has the higher (anointed by god) authority and therefore that maked it the right thing to do. *Ren or Jen – humanness. The relates to the â€Å"Golden Rule† This term is best described by Confucius version of the Golden Rule, â€Å"Do not do to other what  you would not like them to do to you.† *Junzi or Chun-Tzu – the gentleman. The ideal towards which all strive. This term mean â€Å"son of a ruler†. This term implies that a gentleman are always expected to act as moral guides to the rest of society. Gentlemen are those who cultivate themselves morally and who personify the other characteristics of honestly. Confucius is exclamatory of this concept Confucius was a man of great vision. The politics of his time did not allow his philosophy to flourish, but he did provide an awakening to human king. He was perceived then and now as a heroic conscience. Confucius teaching remains enormously influence today, but unfortunately, they are not always taken to heart or practiced. Today’s politicians could learn much from his teaching. One of Confucius’s principal legacies, the notion of the enlightened civil servant, is not a prevalent as it should be in the modern word. Humankind moves forward, but sometimes we forget to bring the greatness of our history with us.

Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 23

Management - Essay Example Chief Executive Officers of Google, SAS, and Boston Consulting Group know that motivating their employee is crucial for individual performance, maintaining office culture, and group productivity. Therefore, the three companies have various elements that foster the motivation of their employees (FORTUNE, 2012). The CEO of Google acknowledges that their attitude is contagious. To motivate his employees, he includes his employees in making major decisions. The management listens to every person’s opinion, and this enables the company to come up with ideas that the management never thought of. Google motivates their employees, if they feel valued, appreciated, and needed. The Company therefore, hires employees possessing great leadership skills. SAS is regarded as one of the most workers-friendly institution. The company keeps his employees motivated by taking care of them to ensure they feel good and part of the company. The company offers free food to their employees. Additional ly, rather than bullying their employees, the company has a corporate culture challenging the conventional conception of tired phrase. Boston Consulting Group motivates their employees by creating the culture of agency and autonomy. The company has devised ways of making their employees to find joy in the company. Meaning that the company has given the workers that autonomy what to carry out and has helped them desire to master skill set and tasks. Additionally, the three companies has devised common ways of motivating their employees by encouraging them to voice their complaints, getting in touch their inner start-up and engaging on Fun Volunteer Assignment. Although there are various factors enhancing group cohesion among the workers, financial motivation is the most significant among Google, SAS, and Boston Consulting Group. The three companies pay a mean annual salary of $140000. Therefore, when the employees are well paid, they will replicate their

Managerial Accounting Practices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Managerial Accounting Practices - Essay Example These stakeholders include employees, management and equity holders. â€Å"The process of identification, measurement, accumulation, analysis, preparation, interpretation and communication of information used by management to plan, evaluate and control within an entity and to assure appropriate use of and accountability for its resources (wikipedia, 2007)†. The scope of studies done by management accountants enable them to serve their organizations in vast variety of tasks and role and they have the ability to assume different roles in different circumstances due to their great flexibility in changing their orientation as per required. Management accountants provides helps organizations by performing all the budgeting and planning function for their organizations working on the basic information that they gather from different departments and different business processes. Managerial accounting helps organization in safeguarding their resources since they take into account all the variances that occur in a particular period and the exactly pinpoint the place where these variances occur. This helps management to take counter action of these losses of assets. This greatly reduced the cost for an organization. Managerial accountants help organization to use their resources in the most optimal fashion. They do so by performing the JIT procedures and methods to ensure that only the minimum amount of inventory load is borne by organizations and departments receive materials and goods only when needed. This reduces burden in the form of reduced handling and storage cost of inventory. Management accountant helps financial accountants in preparing financial reports for external stakeholders such as stockholders, auditors and government officials. They also prepare management reports for different levels of management depending on their requirement. These reports help departments analyze their performance during the past period and enable them to reorganize and

Travel and Tourism Industry of London Assignment

Travel and Tourism Industry of London - Assignment Example Chapter 3 Methodology 25 3.1 Introductions 25 3.2 Quantitative research 26 3.3 Qualitative research 27 3.4 Analysis 28 3.5 London: A Haven for Connoisseur 30 Chapter 4 Questionnaire (Finding and Analysis) 31 4.1 Introductions 31 4.2 Front Office Manager 31 4.3 F&B Manager 32 4.4 Kitchen 32 CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION 33 Bibliography 34 Appendices 36 ALL THE TABLES AND FIGURES Tables and figures 1.0 Introduction The travel and tourism industry is among the oldest and largest industry in the world, and the industry has been growing significantly faster than most other industries. Globalisation has led to the increase in travel across the globe, and to meet additional demands for accommodation and food, hotels and motels have come up in a big way. The general economic vitality of a country is an important consideration because an indication of its economic condition will be reflected in such factors as consumer demand and prices. In scanning the economic environment, the following factors deserve consideration: 1. Gross National Product (GNP). This refers to the total market value of goods and services produced in a country per year and its growth rate. 2. Income distribution refers to the level of consumer's income and his/her buying power 3. Foreign exchange rates are an essential component of the traveller, as he/she will have to carry foreign exchange during travel between countries. 4. Monetary and fiscal policies and exchange controls must be considered, as there are countries that limit the amount of money that can be withdrawn from their country as well as impose large payments for international transactions, like joint ventures and entry into a... There are many business tactics that can be employed to bring about operational changes to manage talent effectively, such as identifying role models, eliminating biased policies and procedures, providing equal opportunities, training and development, and conducting workshops for employees to increase performance and production (David Pappie, p.103, 2006). The travel and tourism industry is among the oldest and largest industry in the world, and the industry has been growing significantly faster than most other industries. Globalisation has led to the increase in travel across the globe, and to meet additional demands for accommodation and food, hotels and motels have come up in a big way. The general economic vitality of a country is an important consideration because an indication of its economic condition will be reflected in such factors as consumer demand and prices. In scanning the economic environment, the following factors deserve consideration: 4. Monetary and fiscal policies and exchange controls must be considered, as there are countries that limit the amount of money that can be withdrawn from their country as well as impose large payments for international transactions, like joint ventures and entry into a country. 5.

Case Study-Sting Ray Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

-Sting Ray - Case Study Example PoolVac also wishes to use its sales data for the last 26 quarters to estimate demand for its Sting Ray.Demand for Sting Rays is specified to be a linear function as the following: 1. Run the appropriate regression to estimate the average variable cost function (AVC) for Sting Rays. Evaluatethe statistical significance of the three estimated parameters using a significance level of 5 percent. Be sure tocomment on the algebraic signs of the three parameter estimates. (30%) At a confidence level of 95% (5% level of significance), all the three parameters are significant, as they have a p-value of less than 0.05. Notably, a (intercept) has a p-value of 1.96*10-17, while the coefficients b and have p –values of 0.000342 and 0.01299, respectively The model implies that average variable costs is a function of both Q and square of Q. the first parameter, intercept is 152, implying that the expected average cost at constant quantity is 152. As quantity varies, average cost will vary directly with Q2 (positive parameter) and inversely with the quantity (negative coefficient). Notably an increase in quantity does not necessarily increase average variable cost, the effect depends on which variable(either Q or Q2 ) has a greater influence. Evaluate the statistical significance of the three estimated slope parameters using a significance level of 5percent. Discuss the appropriateness of the algebraic signs of each of the three slope parameter estimates.(20%) h= 3.166Ph and p-value of 0.027, implies that holding price and income constant, If competitors reduce their prices by a unit, customers shift from sting ray to its substitutes hence demand reduces by 3.166 units and vice versa. 5. The manager at PoolVac, Inc. believes Howard Industries is going to price its automatic pool cleaner at $250,and average household income in the U.S. is expected to be $65,000. Using the regression results from Question 4, write the estimated demand function (with only P as

The Positive Impact Of Online Social Networking In The Conflict Case Study

The Positive Impact Of Online Social Networking In The Conflict - Case Study Example Online social networking is of immense advantage to individuals, for example, by easing communication; however, the same does carry along its fair share of demerits, such as being a productive platform for protestors to incite others. It is noteworthy that online social networks are easily accessible to individuals as long as one has an Internet connection. Within these remarkable online platforms, individuals are able to send messages to each other, comment on each other’s activities and converse among themselves. Subsequently, if conflicts sprout, people within the online social networks are able to discuss more on the rows. Consequently, if there are any inciters among the users of the online platforms, they may take advantage and talk others into resulting in violence, maybe to act against the conflicts. Inciters can convince people to turn to violence in order to seek a resolution to a matter at hand by using impeccably articulated sly moves within the online social networks. During the recent conflicts, which erupted in Tunisia, the government censored various online routes of communication as a way of minimizing the conflicts. However, some of the online social networks were almost impossible to bloc k. In turn, people within Tunisia were able to attain enough information to build up more emotions that caused them to continue with the violent protests. According to an analysis presented by Sami Ben Gharbia, a Tunisian blogger, a lot of content that fuelled the protests had its origin from one of the leading online network sites in the world, the Facebook (Ghannam 16). Although the government in Tunisia put effort to curb communication and sharing of protest-related information via online social networks, it is a crystal that the main problem was the uncontrollable conveying of information.

I write the topic in the instruction box because it is too long Essay - 1

I write the topic in the instruction box because it is too long - Essay Example The background history of torture dates back to the 20th century, post World War II period during the development and progress of the CIA’s investigative techniques where the CIA agents were taught how to use sensory deprivation techniques to help them break down the human psyche in order to make the prisoners feel fear, dread, confusion and increase their dependency. The history of this 20th century torture tactic was especially traced back to democracies such as the United States, U.K and Israel where it was regularly carried out. The British were known to use what they called ‘five techniques, which included – 1) Hooding, 2) Sleep deprivation, 3) Forced standing, 4) Noise bombardment and 5) Starvations and thirst against the IRA. However, such horrendous practices and techniques were discarded by legislation levied against it both in the UK and Israel, but sadly it is still carried on in the United States. It is quite difficult for most people to understand this kind of torture because such torture does not leave any visible marks on the prisoner. This kind of torture is of a particular kind because the techniques involve â€Å"Stress positions† such as standing for long hours or being shackled from the ceiling which is something that goes beyond human endurance. This kind of torture also includes deprivation of sleep and sensory organs. For the shackling of prisoners, the ceiling is covered with wire mesh and chains are hung from them to hold up the arms of the prisoners for long hours without sleep. In fact, a chart is hung on the prison wall to indicate how many hours a prisoner should sleep and how many hours he had to stand shackled. The guards followed this regimental schedule rigidly to succeed in breaking the individual’s spirit. Describing the impact of this tactic used on the prisoners Pfc. Damian Corsetti, MI, states -"If youve ever

Discuss Chaucers poetic methods Essay Example for Free

Discuss Chaucers poetic methods Essay Discuss Chaucers poetic methods in presenting evil in the pardoners prologue and tale in the light of this comment.  In Chaucers time, the nature of evil related to any committing of the 7 deadly sins, consisting of greed, pride, blasphemy, sloth, avarice, wrath, lust and envy. The pardoners prologue and tale is comprised of many of these sins, the pardoner himself demonstrating the majority. Other characters, such as the 3 rioters also embody many of these sins. This essay will explore these characters as well as their evil natures and formulate an opinion how Chaucer presents evil in the pardoners prologue and tale. The pardoners evil nature is initiated from his physical description in the general prologue. He is described as having hair as yelow as wex and hood we wered noon a description immediately illustrating him as a rule breaker, as for most clergymen it was assumed they would cover their hair. In addition to this, he is described as having such glaryng eyen. In the medieval times, this amounted to the suggestion of evil; therefore, Chaucer has constructed the pardoner in such a way to ambiguously imply he may be somewhat evil. Critics, such as Spearing, have noted that the pardoners repellent outer appearance reflects his inner corruption. The description of his fake relics, such as the sayle that saint peter hadde and oure lady veyl are used to demonstrate his evil intentions; taking advantage of the peasants good faith by tricking them into buying fake relics, that are nothing more than pigges bones. From the onset, Chaucer has incorporated the theme of evil within the pardoner and has maintained this throughout the prologue and tale. The prologue outlines the pardoners admittance to his evil nature, and suggests he may even be proud of this. He boldly states that his sermons are constructed around the well-known Latin biblical phrase, radix malorum est cupiditas loosely translated as greed is the root of all evil. The missing word omnium from this is used to demonstrate his lack of biblical knowledge, which is emphasised by the repititon of this phrase throughout. In medieval times, it was common and often expected, for members of the church to know and practice in Latin. The pardoner admits to using pieces of Latin to saffron my predicacioun. This cooking imagery may suggest that he only uses Latin to reinforce his false position, and therefore highlighting his evil nature, and may relate to the sin of gluttony as he is referencing food, again reinforcing the evilness of his character. The pardoner states in the prologue, in the form of a confession, that he preche of no thyng but for coveityse. The repetition of this ironic language along with the shocking imagery that is portrayed through his rhetorical question will I live in poverte willfully? and his admittance to taking money from the povereste widye in the village paints an evil picture of the pardoner who is merely driven by greed. Some critics, such as Georgianna believe in the historical school of thought, and note that the pardoner is merely a vehicle for the substantial embodiment of the churchs abusement. It has been suggested and argued amongst several other critics that Chaucer had no other motive when constructing the pardoners character other than to criticize and highlight the wrongdoings of the medieval church. Many fake pardoners lived amongst the medieval audience, and carried out the same evil methods as the pardoner, all for the same motive; greed. As a result of this, anticlericalism grew popular amongst the peasants very quickly. Therefore, it can be suggested that the pardoners character was constructed in such a way to shine light on his evil nature and to draw parallels with the medieval church. The pardoners tale is a sermon against four particular sins; gluttony, blasphemy, gambling and drinking. He talks at length of each of these particular sins, giving biblical examples that he has twisted to his benefit, such as Adam and also his wyfe who were dryven for that vice. The pardoner is suggesting that gluttony was the downfall of Adam and Eve, when in fact it was temptation. To sermonize against drinking is massively ironic as the pardoner has admitted to needing a draughte before being able to think of a moral tale to tell the pilgrims irony in itself seeing as he should not have to think about a tale of morality. The fact that the pardoner is guilty of committing the very sins he preaches about only adds to his evil nature. Many critics, such as Ruth Nevo, suggest that the pardoner is a character in his own tale that he tells. The novelle that the Pardoner tells the pilgrims consist of three rioters. He begins by stating the setting of the three men; in the develes temple metaphorical for a tavern. The three rioters are established as sinners from the very beginning, already being guilty of committing two of the seven deadly sins; drinking and blaspheming. The repeated suggestion of a brotherhood and addressing each other as brethren has underlying irony as each rioter is ultimately killed by each others greed. It has been suggested that as the rioters are not named, and therefore are nt personally addressed, that they have been constructed to suggest the embodiment of sin. Their deaths are quick and do not have much effect; instead, the focus is on the sins that they do commit. This stresses that their evil natures are what caused their own deaths. However, it can be argued that although the pardoner presents evil in the pardoners prologue and tale, the fact that he acknowledges this suggests he is fully aware of his evil nature. Koff suggests that the pardoner is not so much evil as he is bold. This can be argued to an extent, as he does admit to being a ful vicious man, yet states that a morale tale yet I yew telle kan. This can be portrayed as being ironic, as he is fully aware of his evil nature, yet still believes that he can preach against the sins he so readily admits to committing. In addition to this, Chaucer does incorporate some good nature into the novelle in the form of the old man. It has long been questioned as to whether he is the personification of death himself, and therefore cannot die, or whether he is merely an instrument used to emphasise the evil nature of the three rioters. His addressing of the three rioters as sires in comparison to the rude greetings of the rioters compares and relates age and innocence; the old man may have been faithful during his lifetime and therefore God will not take his life. In contrast, the young sinful rioters quickly come to their death through their own lack of faith. To conclude, I believe that a sinister exploration of evil is truly presented in the pardoners prologue and tale. Chaucer uses characterization of the pardoner and three rioters to present how corrupt medieval society was, as well as how readily sins were committed. The pardoners simile of as dooth a dowve sittynge on a berne to describe how he sees himself is used as an antithesis of his own character; as a dove carries religious connotations of peace and purity; the opposite to what the pardoner is. Despite infiltrating some holy and pure characters, such as the Old man, he only further emphasises the lack of good in the other characters. Overall, Chaucer constructs the prologue and tale in such a way to present several layers of evil in the Canterbury tales.

Impact of Globalisation on Social Identity and Conflict

Impact of Globalisation on Social Identity and Conflict Explore the local consequences of  globalization in relation to social identity,  social conflict and social policy. Globalization is more than a term or a word describing a certain condition with regard to the international community of countries, it is an active living thing that is consistently changing, mostly for the better, each day. It is the expansive interaction between a widening sphere of countries not only regarding the conduct of business, but the day-to-day business of living as well. Globalization is a conglomeration of commerce, different clothes, vehicles, pharmaceutical products, foods, travel, the Internet, movies, television, music, languages, customs, laws, and McDonald’s. It represents how differing countries are increasing affecting and being affected by other countries as a result of technology and commerce. Least we forget technology is not just business related, it represents the developments such as the giant sized Airbus A380[1] which can carry a record 840 passengers[2] to its destination, and McDonald’s whose golden arches can been seen in 122 countries[3 ]. These are prime examples of how globalization is in direct touch with individuals, therefore it (globalization) cannot be defined in strictly business or people terms, it is synonymous with both. The preceding then defines globalization as a blend of commerce and the public interacting as needs and circumstances arise to conduct their affairs. This can range from the need to arrive in Paris for business, or obtain service on one’s Mercedes in Los Angeles. The preceding calls for items and/or people to cross borders and thus the differing customs, cultures, politics and identities of these interacting countries comes into play. From this perspective it can logically be said that forms of globalization have been a part of the human race for basically as long as our tenure here. Alexander the Great’s invasion of Persia with just 40,000 men[4], and Marco Polo’s contact with China are limited scale examples globalization in its infancy. As man’s ability to negotiate the seas then air, as well as communicate via telegraph wire, telephone and the Internet all decreased the time it took for people and goods to reach their destination, the intensity of globalization increased. The cultural, social, legal and other nuances that accompany contact between differing countries on whatever scale it takes, be it an invasion, a bank transfer, or a new automotive plant the parties on both sides must make adjustments. And it is these adjustments that mark ‘globalization’, as cultures that developed separately are now engaged in some form of interaction. It is from this context that the subject matter â€Å"†¦the local consequences of globalization in relation to social identity, social conflict and social policy shall be explored. The meeting of differing cultures, regardless of the plane of contact (commerce, war, language, the Internet), specially in today’s terms, is the actualization of globalization. From this perspective one can see the linage of this reality to the dawn of human time. The context of separately developing cultures coming into contact represents a change, no matter how great the initial impact (war), or benign (a letter) and it causes an accommodation by both sides. Thus, depending upon the degree of influence with respect to said action(s), areas such as social identity, conflict and policy are impacted. It must be remembered that not necessarily all three aspects are present in each instance(s). As the scale, meaning number of people, increases this affects the manner in which said impact acts upon the three main categories, ‘social identity – conflict – policy’. These areas are not obscure concepts, they are integral parts of a country’s culture, language, customs, and traditions as well as laws and sociological composition. And there are times, based either on circumstances, such as war, or the natural progression of activity in a particular sphere, such as the acceptance of a product, goods or services, where the growth of such activity begins to change a country’s innate characteristics. The preceding refers to the context of ‘social’ identity, conflict and policy, whereby the impact of said outside influence tends to exert changes in how the present and future generations will see things in terms of a change in perspective from preceding generations. The impact of the first Model T in America is such an example. It allowed an ever increasing segment of the population to travel further from their original locale that ever before. Today the interstate highway system as well as those roads that traverse bordering countries permits people to make these journeys without so much as a thought with regards to globalization. While the foregoing does represent a sweeping statement, it does convey the idea which can thus be applied to other instances (hamburgers, television shows dubbed in languages, oil tankers, etc.). The preceding view is postulated by Agdal (2004)[5] in his discussion of pre and post colonialism where he stated that the European city model from its earliest days has been transmitted throughout the world as a result of exploration and conquest. He continues that the historical, social and cultural circumstances vary, but the foundations of the political and socio-economic constructs basically is the same through the world. Escobar (2000)[6] draws a correlation between the rise of globalization and the demise of â€Å"†¦real socialism†¦Ã¢â‚¬ [7] citing that the equation arises from the state control of socialism, versus the fluidity of the free market system. As the majority of the world’s nations are engaged in a free market economy they are able to expand their markets and thus derive increased revenues which spur growth. The foundation of a free market system is communication and negotiation, thus the socialist model which constrained these essentials was doomed to a self imposed isolationism in a static sized market (meaning number of countries under control). In contrast, the free market countries could constantly enter new areas, thereby increasing commerce. This occurrence is a direct illustration of how interaction with other countries, cultures, traditions, social systems and legal systems forces consistently ongoing accommodations. In a socialist system the view is that prov ided by the state. However this view can not be imposed in trade, tariff and other international commerce regulations where the interactions with people and their cultural, traditional and other views come into play, no matter how slightly. These outside influences slowly eat away at the established socialist fabric causing change. The introduction of McDonald’s in Russia provides such an example. Citizens at the local level experienced the menu and as the familiarity as well as number of outlets increased, so did the impact of this outside influence. The following will explore this phenomenon concerning globalization’s impact on social identity – conflict and policy. The Big and Small Picture Given the extensive nature of the scope of globalization’s reach as well as the multitude of influencing forces as work, understanding its consequences at a local level concerning social identity, conflict and policy requires understanding that the local aspect was /is initiated within the broader context. Without utilizing any specific examples in exploring the foregoing it should suffice to say while certain analogies might not be germane to certain conditions (meaning countries) the broader idea of the commonality of human interests, needs, wants and desires is relevant across all borders, abet in differing degrees of development based upon same. This refers to examples such as France and Myanmar. Formerly known as Burma the demographic profile of the populace proves a classical example of how at one level a country’s society can be used to and enjoy a vehicle, internet access, travel and other items as their daily necessities, while another segment might have to dev ote almost all of their daily attention on ensuring that they will have enough to eat. The difference in interests, needs, wants and desires would be extremely similar if the entire country lived at the same standard. One group might see themselves in terms of social identity, as comfortable with the way things are progressing which would bear a similarity to their demographic counterparts in France. This could entail the industrialization of a region or zone as part of a national plan to generate more hydro electric power or industrial capacity, as well as what, how and why they feel the way they do about varied social issues (conflict and policy). Whereas another social group might see the construction of said power station or plants as intrusions on their way of life as a result of the removal of either forest, farming, grazing or land they have come to accept as their way of live, such as the Amazon Indians. This example has no peer group in France, however the lack of same does not mean that their views would not similar if such a group did exist. The tendency to compartmentalize countries, and thus their inhabitants ignores the fact that depending upon the demographic, educational and other factors involved, peoples needs, wants, desires and interests remain relatively constant when things are basically the same. Social Identity In examining the levels of impact that globalization has on various aspects of society, which includes commerce, it must be remembered that as it is with all things, the core revolves around individuals. Therefore the following examinations of ‘identity, conflict and policy’ will be rooted in this understanding. The theory of ‘social identity’ was understood by Henri Tajfel and John Turner (1979)[8] who conceptualized that it consists of three ideas. Referred to as the â€Å"CIC Theory† it consists of: Categorization The almost overwhelming complexity of today’s world basically forces us as individuals to cluster things, ideas and other areas into manageable groups (categories) in order to understand them.[9] And this also applies to the fact that we tend to and do categorize people with such words such as policeman, Spaniard, race driver, Protestant, and teacher as it helps us as well as others when communicating to understand. And this of course applies to areas outside of one’s profession, religion, nationality and avocation. And whilst we are categorizing others we, by our preferences, ideas, beliefs and other facets are categorizing ourselves as well. In some quarters individuals define what they consider to be the norms of behavior they prefer in terms of associates, friends, acquaintances and thus the group(s) we ourselves belong to. The intense movement of ideas, products as well as people across national borders that is globalization brings into peoples lives various degrees of external impact that subtly changes the way they perceive things as well as ourselves. The era of globalization is quickly stripping certain levels of society of their historical identity in favor of a much broader context. Demographic groups staring at the upper middle class of almost all societies represent groups that are exposed on a consistent basis with the blending effects of this phenomenon. Blending, in the sense that the customs, traditions and cultural nuances that define differing countries, has become blurred within this group[10]. The degree of impact (in this instance blurring) many vary within these groups say between the United Kingdom and Russia, but it does occur. Thinking in terms of a foreign vehicle as being more preferable than one made domestically, or the selection of attire, appliances and other purchases, selections or preferences demonstrates this. The tremendous success of Coca Cola, McDonald’s and Disney in Russia are examples of how globalization impacts upon social identity at the local level. The consequences of such success by foreign companies, as well as ideas, is that they slowly erode traditional forms of drink, eating habits and customs as a result of the exposure. This distances segments of the population from certain aspects of their tradition, culture, customs and other unique aspects that define their heritage. Identification It is this preceding self-awareness of whom and what we believe we are that leads to our identification of the groups that we ourselves believe we belong to. Within this concept reside two important components, ‘social identity’ and ‘personal identity’. Our historical perceptions as well as our acquired preferences, social circle, peers, family and friends help to define the â€Å"†¦ in-groups†¦Ã¢â‚¬ [11] we identify with and helps to clarify the â€Å"†¦out groups†¦Ã¢â‚¬ [12] which we do not identify with. These differences are present in every society and have been so since the dawn of civilization. Outbreaks between tribes are the first examples of identification and the we versus them, I versus he (or them). Globalization has and does intrude upon as well as influence and shape social identity by virtue of the fact that the commerce, communications and movement of people brings cultures into increasing contact with each other. The degree or intensity of these instances is not really important as the fact is whatever the degree and or intensity is, it is sure to increase with the passage of time. The influence and impact of globalization on social identity increases as the age of the subject group decreases. This is primarily due to older adults having established and set views, principles, beliefs and value system that were honed over the years. And while elements of globalization are present within these areas, its influence is based upon the degrees of exposure that were considerably reduced in comparison to present levels of activity. The outside influence exerted upon successive younger generations is multiplied by the globalization influences on prior generations. This compound effect serves to erode established customs, traditions, and modify legal, as well as social systems. Comparison Our views, opinions and interactions with other individuals begin from the amalgam of our traditions, culture, upbringing and personal experiences. These aid in the formation of values and belief systems as well as other important physiological aspects.[13] In a healthy connotation the preceding enables us to feel good about ourselves and thus be able to â€Å"†¦deal effectively with the world†¦Ã¢â‚¬ [14] This â€Å"†¦self esteem†¦Ã¢â‚¬ [15] helps to underpin: Positive and Negative Distinctiveness In the positive context people view their own group as better than similar groups that they see as slightly, or more inferior. The other side of the coin is when we minimize differences of other groups so that the group we identify with is perceived favorably. Social Creativity This concept within ‘comparison’ is where those groups that see themselves as having high status based upon â€Å"†¦particular dimensions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ [16] utilize these aspects as their comparative base. Individuals from a lower status rationalize their group by placing emphasis on those values they see or believe are superior as justification for their way(s) of seeing and believing in what they think.[17] The aforementioned examination of ‘Social Identity’ serves to provide an understanding of individual perceptions as well as interpretations which globalization influences and impacts upon. The preceding is extremely important in that it impacts individuals on many personal belief levels both subtly as well as dramatically, influencing and impacting upon them personally (at a local level). Social Conflict This basic human condition has its roots in the first individuals living in caves. They banded together as a result of family and social bonds forming a protective group for survival and physiological comfort. As these groups grew in numbers, they tested their ways of living and thinking (identification), with other groups and where the differences (in language communication, territory, hunting, etc.) were sufficient, conflict erupted. This forms the basis for this concept in that those groups as well as individuals with control and power over various â€Å"†¦materials as well as non-material resources†¦[18]† tend to exploit those with the lesser of these components. The preceding is actualized either through the utilization of â€Å"†¦brute force†¦Ã¢â‚¬ [19] and/or economics. Karl Marx (1848)[20] stated that the process of social revolution is a result of class conflict with the powerful and rich exploiting the weak and poor. And this, when applied to gl obalization, explains how the influence and impact of more successful societies (in terms of commerce, social systems, philosophies, etc.) is stronger and thus changes those societies. The reverse of this process, meaning the weak and poor influence and impact upon the powerful and rich has less impact, therefore change at the lower level is in their favor. Social Policy A society needs order in which to operate and this is manifested by rules of acceptable behavior enacted into laws. These laws are control agents that can be either â€Å"†¦fair or unfair†¦Ã¢â‚¬ [21] as well as â€Å"†¦good or bad†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and are consistently under scrutiny by members of society to have them changed or amended to fit the interest of their group identification thereby providing them with more power. And globalization adds to this as the net effects of commerce serve to enrich those in power who influence and enact the laws through their views to the public. The more progressive the society, the more the public helps to mold and shape the rules (laws) as the system under which the government operates has been molded to respond to public influences. This principle underscores advanced democratic societies. The clamor for public recognition has been provided by scores of internal revolutions. Fidel Castro’s accent to power was a result of p ublic dissatisfaction with the old regime. And history has shown that in this instance that the lack of sufficient outside contact (globalization), has caused the populace economic repercussions. And the effects of globalization upon those who have left the borders of Cuba has been and is providing impetus to the population still there as these former citizens have seen and experienced a broader concept of life. And while this example does not provide much in terms of their ability to change or modify existing rules, Fidel Castro does make mild concessions in the understanding that holding onto power does require giving some (in this case small amounts and grudgingly) back. Globalization influences social policy in both directions as the powerful and rich, with their advantages of information access as well as involvement in commerce and the upper echelons of society are able to have their views and ideas reviewed as possible amendments to the law. And those at the lower rungs also seek the enactment of laws that benefit them. The effects of globalization influence both instances in that it impacts upon the way individuals see things as a result of new ideas, products, information and communication. As occupants on a sphere hurdling around a sun at 1,000 miles per hour the perception of countries, in terms of the human species, is an arcane concept. And globalization is proving this to be true. It is responsible for the demise of the former Soviet Union as that closed society had limited commerce options and this hampered their ability to complete with the financial resources of the free market system in financing its military debt. The slow build up of this debt financing pressure caused food lines and product shortages which the system (Soviet), in and of itself could not supply to its populace in sufficient quantities. And, it was the affects of globalization which contributed to the preceding. The education and exposure of the populace of a country means that the systems which govern that populace must also progress, change and modify itself in order to be representative of the human beings under its auspices. Failure to adhere to this basic tenet was the cause of the failure of Alexander’s conquests, as his succeeding generals where not able to effectively control what had been won. And this also spelled the end of the Roman Empire, Genghis Chan, as well as colonialism. The factor in all these equations is people and if their needs, wants and desires are not being met, they will eventually seek ways in which to acquire them, be it through a democratic process, or conflict. As governments have found that the unrest created by internal as well as external conflict usually weakens their hold on power, they have, or are coming to understand that they must accept change as an inevitable part of the process and either be responsive to it, or precede it. The broad scale of the preceding analysis does in fact apply to the localization of the consequences of globalization upon social identity, conflict and policy as governments preside over people and as history has shown, when the citizenry changes, so must the system which is supposed to be there to reflect their needs, wants and desires. Bibliography Agdal, Mohammed. 2004. Globalization, Identity Politics, and Social Conflict: Contemporary Texts and Discourses. Mohammed V University, Rabat. Escobar, Arturo. 2005. Notes on Networks and Anti-Globalization Social Movements. Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina. howstuffworks.com.2005. How the Airbus A380 Works. http://travel.howstuffworks.com/a380.htm/printable Khaleej Times Online.2005. Giant Airbus among planes on display at Paris Air Show. http://www.khaleejtimes.com/DisplayArticle.asp?xfile=data/theworld/2005/June/theworld_June254.xmlsection=theworld The Australian National University.2005. Social Identity. http://www.anu.edu.au/psychology/groups/categorisation/socialidentity.php Wikipedia.com. 2005. Alexander the Great. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_the_Great Wikipedia.com. 2005. McDonald’s Corporation. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonalds Wikipedia.com. 2005. Social Identity. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_identity 1 [1] Khaleej Times Online.2005. Giant Airbus among planes on display at Paris Air Show. http://www.khaleejtimes.com/DisplayArticle.asp?xfile=data/theworld/2005/June/theworld_June254.xmlsection=theworld [2] howstuffworks.com.2005. How the Airbus A380 Works. http://travel.howstuffworks.com/a380.htm/printable [3] Wikipedia.com. 2005. McDonald’s Corporation. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonalds [4] Wikipedia.com. 2005. Alexander the Great. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_the_Great [5] Agdal, Mohammed. 2004. Globalization, Identity Politics, and Social Conflict: Contemporary Texts and Discourses. Mohammed V University, Rabat. [6] Escobar, Arturo. 2005. Notes on Networks and Anti-Globalization Social Movements. Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina. [7] Ibid [8] Wikipedia.com. 2005. Social Identity. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_identity [9] Ibid [10] The Australian National University.2005. Social Identity. http://www.anu.edu.au/psychology/groups/categorisation/socialidentity.php [11] Ibid [12] The Australian National University.2005. Social Identity. http://www.anu.edu.au/psychology/groups/categorisation/socialidentity.php [13] Ibid [14] Ibid [15] Ibid [16] The Australian National University.2005. Social Identity. http://www.anu.edu.au/psychology/groups/categorisation/socialidentity.php [17] Ibid [18] Wikipedia.co. 2005. Social-conflict theory. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social-conflict_theory [19] Wikipedia.co. 2005. Social-conflict theory. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social-conflict_theory [20] Marxist.com. 2005. 90 Years of the Communist Manifesto. http://www.marxist.com/150years/trotskyintro.html [21] www.pitt.edu. 2005. Basic Concepts and Definitions. http://www.pitt.edu/~heinisch/basic.html

The Good Soldier Beginning English Literature Essay

The Good Soldier Beginning English Literature Essay In The Good Soldier (1915) by Ford Madox Ford, the narrator, John Dowell tells the reader his story, the story of his marriage to his wife Florence and when she met an English gentleman, named Edward Ashburnham. (The good soldier from the title of the novel). He goes on to describe the events that lead to Ashburnhams affair with his wife and it being revealed to him. Edward and Florence had both committed suicide by the end of the novel. However, John Dowell seems not to narrate any of these events in a linear, traditional fashion. Ford Madox Ford attempts to recreate Johns ignorance of Florences adultery by representing the events of the store, not in a casual sequence but instead as they occur to him in his recollections and reminisciences. Its not that Dowell himself intends to be misleading, but he has an awful habit of teasing the reader by revealing the crucial parts of information in an off-hand, casual manner. He says I dont know how it is best to put this thing down-whether it would be better to try and tell the story from the beginning, as if it were a story; or whether to tell it from the distance of time, as it reached me from the lips of Leonora or from those of Edward himself.  [1]  Reading The Good Soldier feels like the reader is a detective in a mystery novel, trying to make sense of the clues presented to them along the way. Fords innovative use of this fallible or unreliable narration plays a major role in the novel and other modernist fiction.  [2]  In this essay, a particular section of the book will be examined, between page 37 and 43. The essay will take a number of examples in the text, in an attempt to draw attention to the language used in this section to reveal a deep understanding of Dowells character, especially focussing on his reliability or in this case unreliability as a narrator. Then, the essay will bring all the facts into a conclusion. (Lewis, 2007) The first thing this essay must do is examine the character of Dowell so that it is better to understand him from a readers perspective. Dowell, from the start of the novel is shown to be naÃÆ' ¯ve and not as intelligent as he thinks he is. He doesnt realise that his wife is having an affair behind his back, that she is lying to him about her heart condition and many other examples that are too numerous to list. Dowell has a habit of recalling, in great detail, the parts of an experience that most people would ignore or remember less of. Yet, when something important or climactic happens his recollection is weak and limited. It becomes evident throughout the novel that Dowell is a curmudgeon. He seems to see absolutely everything in a negative light and what is most evident is that he seems to take pleasure from other peoples misery. A good example of this is when Dowell tells us about Leonora teaching Edward and Leonora would just nod her head in a way that quite pleasantly rattled my poor wife. (Ford, 2002, p. 38) Another excellent example of Dowell searching for the negative in a positive situation is when he is describing their excursion. He describes shortly the green grass and the beautiful location but the reason he remembers the trip and the scene is nothing to do with the beauty but something else. Why, I remember on that afternoon I saw a brown cow hitch its horns under the stomach of a black and white animal and the black and white one was thrown right into the middle of a narrow stream. I burst out laughing,. It shows that Dowell focuses on the parts of a story that most people would gloss over. He reflects that he probably should have pitied the animal but he didnt; he merely enjoyed the sight. Dowell adds that no one paid attention to him laughing. (Ford, 2002, p. 38) Dowells apparent inability to understand any of the events that are about to happen, mean that he creates a lot of dramatic irony. A significant example of this irony is the obvious discrepancy between Dowells perception of himself and the readers perception of Dowell. Dowell for example, considers himself to be really intelligent, perceptive and insightful. Because he has had nothing to do for nine years, he reasons that he must be a faithful and reliable narrator. He explains to the reader that his attention was entirely focused on his surroundings, for example: the dining room decorations, the hotel plan layout, the flirtatiousness of Florence. But as he relates to the story of their trip to Nauheim, Dowell is quite the opposite of insightful. He is so obsessed with seeing things at face value and in trusting those he sees as good people, that he seems to be incapable of noticing the things happening all around him. He doesnt even notice that there is a budding romance between Edward and his wife, Florence. Even when Leonora explicitly tries to reveal the truth to him, Dowell doesnt understand. He simply accepts her Im an Irish Catholic (Ford, 2002, p. 43) excuse quite happily with no objection. Dowell seems to only recognise the details which have little bearing on the situation or of little importance. Florences betrayal and Leonoras absolute horror seem to remain completely transparent to him. When Dowell laughs at the cows, it can be inferred that this is a bigger metaphor for how the reader perceives Dowell while reading the novel. The reader laughs at how pathetic and disastrously inept he is. He laughs at what is an act of violence among the animals in quite an odd, awkward manner. It is strange that he manages to notice the intricacies of the cows relationships but fails to notice the violence, emotional not physical, that floods his quite intimate foursome. It is also interesting to note that when reflecting on the situation Dowell admits that he SHOULD have pitied the animal that was hurled into the water, but didnt feel any pity at all. With this said, it is hard for the reader to feel sympathetic for Dowell because though his situation is tragic, it is also morbidly hilarious. His ignorance and naivety means that an outsider observing the story develops only a queer fascination. Dowells character is clearly complex and has a lot of layers. Unreliable in life and a s a narrator, Dowells narration is confusing and misleading. Before this essay can examine Dowell as an unreliable narrator, the term must be defined so that is clear exactly what an unreliable narrator is. An unreliable narrator is a first-person narrator who for some reason has a biased or compromised point of view. What the narrator himself does not know or experience can therefore not be explained to the reader. In this novel, Dowell is an unreliable narrator as the reader is given reasons not to trust his narrative. There are a number of ways that a narrator can be seen to be unreliable. He could have prejudices against a particular age, race, class or gender for example. The narrator may have an intelligence level considered to be lower than average. A common one is that the narrator may be trying to make a point contrary to the actions of the story or be attempting to slander or misrepresent a person or situation. In Dowells case, he seems to fall into a few of these categories. Dowell has a very confusing way of talking, as if he is recalling memories there and then and writing them down on paper without the thought of editing them afterwards. Because of this, there are a number of issues that arise for the reader. For example, on page 37, he tries to remember something but cannot remember when it happened. I cant remember whether it was in our first year the first year of us four at Nauheim, because, of course, it would have been the fourth year of Florence and myself but it must have been in the first or second year. (Ford, 2002, p. 37). This passage leads the reader to question how reliable the narrator is, as he is not sure of the time he is referring to and in his wording confuses the reader even more than perhaps himself. By adding in the reference to him and Florence, he makes it unnecessarily confusing to understand when he is talking about. Soon after, when describing a European castle, Dowell says: It has the disadvantage of being in Prussia; and it is always disagreeable to go into that country. (Ford, 2002, p. 38) This shows that Dowell is trying to force his opinion onto the reader as if it were fact. If it were his opinion, he could have said It is my opinion that it would be disagreeableà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ or something similar. When talking about Florence educating Edward, Dowell makes another comment to seem unreliable. He mentions that Florence was singularly expert as a guide to archaeological ruins and then went on to say there was nothing she liked so much as showing people around ruins. However, he then says that She only did it once. For something to be considered somebodys favourite thing to do in the world, it would be typical to assume that they had done it many times, not just once. This questions once more whether the narrator, in this case Dowell, is reliable. To conclude, the section of the book analysed shows us that John Dowell has a unique and vibrant character and personality. He is shown to be rather naÃÆ' ¯ve and ignorant in the way he does not notice or understand that his wife is having an affair or even that Leonora was attempting to tell him about it. His habit to find the negative in every situation makes the reader rather depressed and frustrated, which seems a strange way of telling a story, both by Dowell and by Ford himself. When seeing the cows fight, he finds this funny, remembering this example of violence over remembering the pleasant surroundings and the fun of a holiday. This shows us that Dowell is a pretty unreliable guy to rely on when it comes to recalling the story as he does not remember the things of importance. When it comes to being an unreliable narrator, it becomes increasingly evident that Dowell fits this criteria as he constantly glosses over important facts giving his own opinions and slant instead o f the facts, leading the reader to believe everything that he says to be the truth when it clearly is not the case. The Good Soldier presents the reader with a confusing and at some times frustrating read. The narration throughout the novel is convoluted, misleading and annoyingly erratic. Regardless, the narration creates a morbid comedy of the situation, with the reader warming a little to Dowells uselessness and sheer dumbfoundedness. One thing is clear, John Dowell is unreliable as a narrator and would not be a good choice to tell a story!

Sensation, Emotion, and Thought :: Self Identity Growth Essays

Sensation, Emotion, and Thought Many times in life people get stuck with the same points of view and do not see any other way to see answers are points of view. Therefore they do not see answers that are in front of them and can not change. Seeing other people’s points of view and expanding on them is how people grow and can widen what there beliefs are. In an introduction book for philosophy, â€Å"Wisdom Without Answers†, the writers give a clear understanding of how philosophy can answer questions for people: â€Å"Philosophy shows us how to identify the limitations of our own points of view. But it does more: It teaches us how to get outside ourselves-how to cross the barriers of our familiar framework of answers† (Kolak & Martin 3). We only know a small part of life but by just thinking that are own thoughts and beliefs are right and that we will not look at the other side and stay to the familiar. The only way to grow and really be â€Å"smart† about life is to see that there is m uch we do not know. There are three combined parts of the self that makes experiences: Sensation, emotion, and our own thoughts. You can not have one without the other two. When you touch something with your finger there is pressure on the skin and from that a thought comes from you brain which also make an emotion about the action come out. The question the author is giving the readers in â€Å"Wisdom Without Answers† is they really connected together. If you have a thought do you have emotion connected to it and maybe a sensation too. Your finger can think for itself so something has to be given information to you so that you know what you are doing or feeling. This is a dilemma because they all circular around each other so they have to be connected. We don’t want are thoughts that make up some of an experience to be false. In chapter eight, the idea of experience is explored. The orientation is that sensation, emotion and thought are all components of any experience. The â€Å"disorientation† begins when the author explains that there is a difference between what we experience and the interpretation of that experience. Any sensation is based on our minds interpretation of it.

Waste Land Essay: Spiritual Decay -- T.S. Eliot Waste Land Essays

Spiritual Decay in The Waste Land      Ã‚  In The Waste Land, T.S. Eliot develops his theme of sterility and decay in the post-World War I man by focusing on the aspect of "religious dearth or superficiality reflected in despintualized love" (Pinion). For Eliot, man's inability to find real love or to move beyond superficial sexual gratification is congruous to the spiritual decay of his soul.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the first part of the poem, "The Burial of the Dead'~ Eliot's allusions to two love stories amidst a backdrop of "stony rubbish" and "broken images" illustrates his view of love as something that has lost its ability to blossom in the infertility of modem society (20,22). Eliot alludes to the story of Tristan, a young sailor, who leaves his lover, Isolde, behind when he sails for home. As he lies dying, he waits for the arrival of her ship, but the sea that is to bring her remains empty and desolate. This shows how human longing in love is fr... ...erating his hope for the regeneration or rebirth of the human spirit (424-425).    Works Cited and Consulted Pinion, F.B., A T.S. Eliot Companion: Life and Works, The Macmillan Press (1986) Southam, B.C., A Guide to the Selected Poems of T.S. Eliot, Harcourt Brace & Company Shashane, VA "Reflections on the Waste Land", Studies on IS Eliot Ed. A.N. Dwivedi; US Bahri Publishers (1989) Raffel, Burton IS Eliot Frederick Ungar Publising Co., Inc. (1982)

Positive Influence on Kids

Rhetorical Analysis Being a high school and college athlete, I have gained a lot of skills both physically and mentally. I have learned how to work with different personalities and learned how to adapt to them. Also, I have learned how to cope with winning and losing. I honestly believe that playing sports shaped me into the person I am today. I have great leadership skills, I interact well with others, I adapt well with new people and I do not give up on anything that I do.In his New York times editorial † Sports Teaches Kids Valuable Lessons,† Keener notes that while striving to win (on an organized ports team), children learn about teamwork and sportsmanship, two keys that can contribute to developing into a solid citizen. In sports, there is a bigger picture than just merely winning and losing. Once you have learned how to stay grounded and humble when you win, or even learning from a terrible loss, I believe you have overall gained a lifetime skill. Some play sports Just for the fun, while other play for the competitiveness of the game.Personally, I play for both reasons. Keener's argument is stating that these skills of teamwork, and sportsmanship may be acquired though ifferent realms other than sports, but they are enhanced through sports. He feels that they help children learn when the right time is to express those characteristics. Playing sports is a learning experience, you learn how to interact with different people, learn how to cope with losing, and learn how to persevere. In the editorial, Keener expresses that athletics build character and discipline, as well as teamwork and hard work.An organized sports team with members cooperating with one another to achieve a common goal, sport participation is a good way of further instilling the important principles of teamwork in a group. If one person does not do their part the whole team can and will suffer. If one individual dominates then the performance of others will be adversely affect ed in both areas the only way to achieve a victory is with a team working in harmony and on equal terms with one another. As with sport, a team may comprise multiple talents but if they don't work well together then the team will quickly fall apart.You win as a team and lose as a team. So with that, you have to learn, with your team, how fix the problem and be able to come together and win. Realistically, it is not guaranteed that you will win. Some teams go on with the worst records of not winning one game in a season. Keener explains, you learn how to get back up every time you get knocked down. With that, you will learn to thrive and compete through any recurring disappointments or setbacks. In the text, he illustrates how taking on a sport may take sacrifice.It can be transformation of your body from to fit the sport; there is a wide range of injuries, or even time away from daily activities. Sports should serve the purpose of general development, keeping the body strong and mai ntaining healthy life style. Keener noted that sports help the child keep up a healthy lifestyle. He notes that with athletes competing at a competitive level can lead to positive psychosocial, developmental and health benefits for girls. Research shows that sport participation and positive self-perceptions and also better success rates in the classrooms.Lastly, Keener takes a different approach by explaining how participating in sports gives athletes the ability to develop tight and lasting friendships. This is an experience that usually leaves them with lasting life long memories. There are some positive social benefits to sports participation that are easily overlooked by many. Keener tried to connect on a very person and emotional level. In high school, everyone wants a friend. Everyone wants to feel accepted or have that sense of belonging to something.Some kids may not have that sense of family at home, so they may Join a sport to fill in where their home life is lacking. Afte r reading the editorial, I still have the same feelings toward the topic. I absolutely agree with everything Keener had to say. Although some may say that there are some character traits that only parents can instill in their children. But there is something special to a child about having howing those skills off through some type of medium. Overall, Keener was very successful in his editorial. He clearly stated his argument and his claim.He factually and emotionally connected to different types of audiences, mostly athletes, future athletes and parents of athletes. What made it so successful was how he proved his claim through facts and thoughts, and also connecting with the right audience. It all made sense. He was able to connect with actual athletes and parents of athletes. He challenges the child to strive to be a better athlete by adhering to the life lessons learned. He also challenges the parents to challenge their child by encouraging them to get involved with a team.Keener touched upon different aspects ofa child's life that later on down the road requires usage of those skills they learned. Kids may never use their physical talents or skills again after high school or college, but one thing they will use is their leadership skills, teamwork and perseverance. Those are fundamental keys to being successful in the real world and work force.

Narrative Writing – Low Profile

Boris Watkins was humming a tune to the radio in his car when the music was interrupted by a special news bulletin. â€Å"We break into our regular programming to bring you an update on the bank robbery that occurred earlier today at the St. George's branch of the United Bank. A lone gunman escaped with nearly two million dollars, wounding two guards and an off-duty police officer while making his exit. Due to a malfunction in the bank's security cameras, a photograph is not available, but a police sketch has just been released to the public. More details will follow as they come to light. We now return you to our regular broadcast.† Boris strolled through the side door of the packed jewellery store, avoiding the business's main entrance. Casually he surveyed the store as he pretended to study a banner proclaiming â€Å"Diamond Sale Days.† One of the clerks, an attractive young woman dressed in a formal business suit, was speaking in low tones to the store's handsome young security guard. Though the store itself was crowded, the saleswoman's area was experiencing a lax time. She was taking advantage of the lull by passing the time with the handsome guard. From the way the two of them spoke, Boris guessed they were planning an after-hours rendezvous when suddenly the girl's eyes caught his. In the brief span of their eye contact, he felt something odd in her stare. Had she recognised him, or in some uncanny way knew what he was up to? There had been a sudden burst of something he couldn't quite place his finger on before their gazes broke. No, he was just being paranoid. It was part of the rush that accompanied his thefts, something he had to control. When he was stealing, Boris always felt as if he was on the verge of being caught. If he was honest with himself, he would acknowledge that this was part of the thrill. When he glanced back at the girl, he saw that she was engaged in deep conversation with her beau, forgetting about him completely. That was the way Boris liked it; the lower the profile, the better. Boris walked out of their direct sight and approached a busy counter where several customers were vying for a lone salesman's attentions. Perfect. He pushed his way to the counter, and after several minutes of waiting, managed to catch the man's attention. Boris asked to see three sets of expensive diamond earrings and one set of inferior jewellery most likely brought into the store just for the sale. Pretending to ponder the choices, Boris ignored the bustling crowd at his elbows. Finally another customer grew impatient with him and said in a stern voice to the salesman, â€Å"While he's making up his mind, I see exactly what I want. I insist that you take my money right now.† That was what Boris had been waiting for. With the salesman's attention distracted for a few moments, Boris slipped the most expensive earrings off the counter and into his pocket before anyone could see what he'd done. In plain sight, he picked up the cheap earrings and approached the salesman with a fifty dollar bill in his hand. Boris said, â€Å"I've made up my mind. I'll take these.† The salesman looked at Boris, then back at the abandoned earrings still on the counter ten paces away. Breathlessly, he said, â€Å"One moment, please,† as he retrieved the unclaimed diamond sets remaining. Frowning for a second at the counter, he shrugged slightly before replacing the remaining sets back in the display. Boris hadn't even realized he'd been holding his breath. After accepting the woman's purchase ahead of him, the clerk took care of Boris, pointedly ignoring his attempt at small talk as he watched a few disgruntled customers walking away empty-handed. With a store bag proudly displayed, Boris fought his way back to the side entrance he'd just come in. The odds of anyone suspecting him of wrongdoing should be negligible. After all, he had a perfectly legitimate receipt in his possession for the cheap earrings now in his bag. It was simply a matter of walking out of the store unnoticed and he'd be home free. As he passed the counter where the attractive young woman had been speaking with the security guard, Boris was relieved to see that both of them had vanished, probably taking their breaks together. He was just stepping out of the door when he noticed a squad of police facing him, their guns drawn in a semi-circle, every weapon pointing directly at him. Through a bullhorn, one of the police officers commanded, â€Å"Drop your bag and hit the ground, or we'll shoot.† Boris did as he was told, stunned by the massive show of force. He looked up in despair as he saw an officer clad in a bullet-proof vest approach him cautiously. In seconds, Boris was handcuffed and jerked to his feet. He said, â€Å"I don't understand what's going on.† The officer who had cuffed him said, â€Å"Don't play dumb. A clerk inside spotted you the second you walked in the door.† â€Å"Yeah, I've been arrested once before, but it was never with this much fuss.† â€Å"What did you expect? It's not like you were keeping a low profile.† â€Å"What are you talking about?† Without saying a word, the officer reached into his back pocket and pulled out a sheet of paper. Boris found his sketched image staring back at him from the ‘Wanted’ Bulletin. His knees went weak as he realised that he was a dead ringer for the police sketch of the man who'd just robbed the bank.

Gen200 Personal Responsibility Essay

Personal Responsibility The pathway to successful future begins with taking a close look at the ability to commit and be accountable for all actions even when no one is looking. Making the right decision and understanding that there will be challenges along the way can definitely prepare the body and mind to readily face them head on. The personal responsibility of an individual plays an important role to reach the ultimate goal to be successful. Personal responsibility pertains to our ability to discipline ourselves as well as taking a responsible approach and ownership on our career, education, family and most of all our actions.I believe that personal responsibility is vital to academic achievement of an individual because it can exercise self-efficacy, helps to recognize problems easily and manages time effectively to achieve success and happiness. There are many other factors in life that are struck by the effects of personal responsibility, but only a few are highly significant and usually kicks off the rest of the constructive effects. Establishing a relationship between personal responsibility and academic endeavor is very significant because it forms a ground rule to move forward and accept the reality of a decision made and what is destined to happen.Receiving an education is a choice, therefore it is our personal responsibility to make sure that we can meet the academic demand require. A strong sense of self-efficacy supports that responsibility because it can somehow motivate us to move on and challenge our way to academic success because we believe in our ability to reach our goal. Self-efficacy is an individual‘s perceived capabilities to attain designated types of performances and to achieve specific results (Pajares, 1996; Tella & Ayeni, 2006).When we accept responsibility for our own actions we can easily recognize and overcome the tests that are bound to happen along the way. Our positive outlook strengthens our confidence and definitely boosts our self-worth because it encourages us to be more responsible. We have to be careful however on instilling boosts of high expectations or beliefs, the effects can be very disappointing when it is not fully realized. The focus should be on realistic capabilities and potentials so that we can appreciate success in terms of self-development rather than achievements (Bandura, A 1994).Acknowledging responsibility helps to take control of daily life. Another factor that needs a great sense of responsibility is time management. Overwhelming schedule managing education, career, household and other activities can definitely put a person in a bind if schedule is not well planned. When there is a set objective and commitment to achieve that goal, a clear sense of direction in life must be established as well. Setting preliminary goal as well as short and long term goal can definitely put some perspective to how an individual wants to accomplish that objective.With that in mind, time m anagement will be effortless knowing what can be done now and what to accomplish later. A permit for any adjustments on any unforeseen challenges can be detected and easily resolve because commitment and responsibility makes a stand to face any setback and move on to continue the raise to success. A person can manage time effectively because of accountability and the will to accept responsibility for any actions, knowing that there will be consequences. So in order for me to be successful in every aspect of my life, I need to manage time effectively.Well managed time sees the possibilities of new opportunities and helps you create want you want in future. Here is my preliminary plan for this school year: Preliminary plan: 1. Set my short and long term goal. 2. Read on my syllabus and take note of important projects and due dates 3. Prioritize and organize my schedule according to my work and scheduled assignments and required readings. 4. Schedule time to be online and work on DQâ⠂¬â„¢s and assignments. 5. Schedule learning team discussion and assignments In keeping personal responsibility intact and focused, there is no doubt that challenges are bound to happen.Successful status academically, professionally and life in general will always present extreme encounters along the way, testing how strong the concentration and motivation devoted to the goal. Another important factor why responsibility is essential in daily academic life is learning to recognize challenges. Any challenges does not have to set us back, perhaps they should motivate us to be more proactive and ready to face these challenges head on. The quicker any problem is resolve, the quicker to move on and refocus on all the academic requirements and accomplish them right away.As we anticipate and accept that there will be hurdles then we can easily adjust to the situation and find a reasonable resolution. In order to race to academic success, I must remain motivated and focus on the big picture all the way through finish line and graduate. With a sensible practice of personal responsibility I believe I can tackle the duties to achieve my objectives. Establishing a relationship between personal responsibility and academic endeavor is very significant because it forms a ground rule to move forward and accept the reality of a decision made and what is destined to happen.Having the freedom to make the choices, plans and organize to be successful academically gives me the power to do what is right and accept any failures and easily move on with an effective strategy that will lead me to the ultimate goal to successfully graduate. References Pajares, F. (1996). Self efficacy beliefs in academic settings. Review of Educational Research Tella, A. , & Ayeni, C. O. (2006). The impact of self-efficacy and prior computer experience on the creativity of new librarians in South West, Nigeria. Library Philosophy and Practice , 8 (2). Bandura, A. (1994). Self-efficacy. In V.S. Ramachaudra n (Ed. Annotated Bibliography Pajares, F. (1996). Self efficacy beliefs in academic settings. Review of Educational Research The article aims to examine self-efficacy and findings made by Bandura’s (1986) in study of self-motivation and taking control of academic aspirations. The summary of discoveries in the relationship of self-efficacy and academic performances which validates measures that match up with personal responsibility. Tella, A. , & Ayeni, C. O. (2006). The impact of self-efficacy and prior computer experience on the creativity of new librarians in South West, Nigeria.Library Philosophy and Practice , 8 (2). This is good resource regarding the study on the impact of self-efficacy prior to computer experience of librarians from Nigeria. The study involves a number of new librarians that are independent and dependent variables. The outcome of the study presented that self-efficacy and computer experience has a major impact on creativity. Bandura, A. (1994). Self-ef ficacy. In V. S. Ramachaudran (Ed. ), Encyclopedia of human behavior (Vol. 4, pp. 71-81). New York: Academic Press. (Reprinted in H. Friedman [Ed. ], Encyclopedia of mental health.San Diego: Academic Press, 1998). This a great reference regarding self-efficacy beliefs and processes regulating emotional states and reactions. Talks about level of motivation reflected in choices and actions. The discussions on the use of influences over a person’s own impulse, thoughts and emotional situations as well as performance on given task. Insights on the development and exercise of self-efficacy over the lifespan. http://www. schoolsucks. com/paper/Academic-Personal-Responsibility/16640. html http://www. des. emory. edu/mfp/BanEncy. html http://www. des. emory. edu/mfp/PajaresSE1996. html

Learning and Sleep Essay

Title: 234 Provide support for sleep Level: 2 Credit Value: 2 GLH 13 Learning Outcomes The learner will; Assessment Criteria The learner can; 1. Understand the importance of sleep 1Explain how sleep contributes to an individual’s well-being 2Identify reasons why an individual may find it hard to sleep 3Describe the possible short-term and long-term effects on an individual who is unable to sleep well 2. Be able to establish conditions suitable for sleep 1 Describe conditions likely to be suitable for sleep 2 Minimise aspects of the environment likely to make sleep difficult for an individual. 3 Adjust own behaviour to contribute to a restful environment 4 Describe actions to take if the behaviour or movement of others hinders an individual’s ability to sleep 3. Be able to assist an individual to sleep 1Explain the importance of a holistic approach to assisting sleep 2Encourage the individual to communicate the support they need to sleep 3Assist the individual to find a position for sleep consistent with their plan of care 4Support the individual to use aids for sleep in ways that reflect the plan of care and follow agreed ways of working 4. BE ABLE TO MONITOR SLEEP 1ESTABLISH WITH THE INDIVIDUAL. and others how sleep will be monitored 2Record agreed observations relating to the individual’s sleep and the assistance given 5. Know how to access information and advice about difficulties with sleep 1Describe situations in which additional information or assistance about sleep would be needed 2Explain how to access additional information and assistance Additional information An individual is someone requiring care or support Agreed ways of working will include policies and procedures where these exist Others may include: †¢family †¢friends †¢advocates †¢line manager †¢health professionals. †¢others who are important to the individual’s well-being Unit aim (s) This unit is aimed at those working in a wide range of settings. It provides the learner with the knowledge and skills required to establish conditions suitable for sleep and support the individual to sleep. Assessment requirements specified by a sector or regulatory body (if appropriate) This unit must be assessed in accordance with Skills for Care and Development’s QCF Assessment Principles. Learning outcomes 2, 3 and 4 must be assessed in a real work environment. Details of the relationship of the unit and relevant national occupational standards HSC216.